BEGINNINGS

Biological Foundations of Human

Development
Evolutionary Psychology-holds that adaptation, reproduction and
“survival of the fittest” are important in shaping behavior.
 Charles Darwin-natural selection.
Shyness and jealousy.
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4.5 Evolution and

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Human
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Culture explains
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how
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theory can be
applied to
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Bulb Seed Transplant
behavior and
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society.
GENETIC FOUNDATIONS OF DEV.

The Collaborative Gene.-Short segments of DNA constitute genes, the units of hereditary information that
help cells to reproduce and manufacture proteins. Genes act collaboratively, not independently.

Chromosomes -Threadlike structures that come in 23 pairs, with one member of each pair coming from
each parent. Chromosomes contain the genetic substance DNA.

DNA-A complex molecule that contains genetic information.

Genes- Units of hereditary information composed of DNA. Help cells to reproduce themselves and help
manufacture the proteins that maintain life.
Chromosomes, DNA, Gene
Genetic Foundation of Development
4 Phases of Sexual Response
1. E-xcitement-erotic stimuli
2. P-lateau-sustained tension
3. O-rgasm-immeasurable peak (2-10 secs.)
4. R-esolution-non-arouse state
Heredity &Chromosomes
Gametes-sex cells, sperm and ova
Oogenesis-ovum ripens and release about every 28 days
Spermatogenesis-producing male gametes in testes.
Heredity and Chromosomes
46 chromosomes (or 23 pair ), long thread like structures found in a cell nucleus that contain
genetic material known as deoxyribonucleic acid DNA.
Genes-basic physical unit of inheritance.
Allele- a specific version of a gene.
Mitosis-a cell duplicates all of its contents, including its chromosomes, and splits to form two
identical daughter cells.
Meiosis-cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and
produces four gamete cells.
Chromosomes
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a helix-shaped molecule made up of
nucleotide base pairs. Sequences of DNA make up genes .
Mitosis and Meiosis
Genotype and Phenotype
Genotype- is the genetic makeup of that
individual.
Phenotype-expression of inherited characteristics.
Genotypes and Phenotypes
Chromosomal Abnormalities
Trisomy 21

-most common
-related advanced parental age
-extra chromosome 21
Appearance
Low set ears
Mongolian Slant
Brood, flat nose
Protruding tongue
Puppy’s neck
Chromosomal Abnormalities
Deletions-Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome & Jacobsen syndrome.
Duplications-Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A
Translocations
Reciprocal translocation:two different chromosomes have been exchanged.
Robertsonian translocation: An entire chromosome has attached to another at the centromere.