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Chapter 3
Chapter 3
Renewable Resources
Non-renewable Resources
Those resources which once gone have very little chance of recovery
or resynthesis are called non-renewable resources. Examples of non-
renewable resources are coal, minerals, and petroleum. (Total stock
is limited).
Our natural resources
➢ water
➢ forest
➢ energy
➢ land
➢ food
➢ minerals
The rainforest in Fatu-Hiva, in Marquesas Islands is an example of
an undisturbed natural resource. Forest provides timber for
humans; food and shelter for flora and the fauna. The nutrient
cycle between organisms form food chains and biodiversity of
species.
The Carson Fall in
Mount Kinabalu, Malaysia is
an example of undisturbed
natural resource. Waterfalls
provide spring water for
humans, animals and plants
for survival and also habitat
for marine organisms. The
water current can be used to
turn turbines or
hydroelectric generation.
The ocean is an example of a natural resource. Ocean waves can
be used to generate wave power which is a renewable energy.
Ocean water is important for salt production and providing
habitat for deep water fishes. There are biodiversity of marine
species in the sea where nutrient cycles are common.
Wind is a natural resource that
can be used to generate
electricity, as with these 5MW
wind turbines in
Thorntonbank Wind Farm
28 km (17 mile) off the coast of
Belgium
Natural Resources Uses
Air (Wind) Required for all living things for breathing, Use to
produce wind energy.
Animals / Plants Provide food, cloth, shelter, medicine. Used as mode
of transport. Animal dung can be used as
fuel/fertilizer.
Solar Light Provide light, energy and help to plants for making
their foods
Wood / Tree Used as construction material. Used to make
utensils, furniture and sporting equipments.
Water Used in household, agriculture and transportation.
Examples of Renewable Resources
solar energy
Hybrid Of Wind And Solar energy
Biomass Energy
Examples of Non-renewable Resources
➢COAL
➢OIL
➢NATURAL GAS
➢OIL SHALE AND TAR SANDS
➢NUCLEAR POWER
Natural factors
➢Heavy rains
➢High speed wind and storms
➢Natural disasters like earthquakes ,floods, prolonged
drought, etc.
Anthropogenic factors
➢Mining.
➢Urbanization
➢The indiscriminate and uncontrolled removal of
trees
➢Excess use of fertilizers
➢Industrial discharges
Soil Erosion
Soil erosion is removal of top soil from its resting place by various
physical agencies like wind and water. It can be defined as “the
detachment and transport of the fertile layer of soil by water or air.”
It is also known as the creeping death of land.
➢ Overgrazing by cattle
➢ Contour cultivation
➢ Strip cropping
➢ Terracing
➢ Control of overgrazing
Afforestation Terracing
Desertification
➢ Unfavorable climate
Direct Benefits
➢ Mining
Causes of Deforestation
Population explosion: Population
explosion is the root cause of all the
environmental problems, vast area of
forests are cleared for human
settlement
Only rain water harvesting can sort out the problems of the world's
wettest town. Scientists point out the example of Jaisalmer, one of the
driest towns in India in Rajasthan, with rainfall levels as little as 100 mm
of water per year, where it was found that if you harvest water on just
one hectare of land, you have captured as much as one million litres of
water --enough to meet drinking and cooking water needs of 182 people
at 15 litres per day for one year.
Control of Deforestation
•Protective Function
•Productive Function
•Regulative Function
•Accessory Function
Protective Functions
➢ Forest Provide protection against
• Soil erosion
• Droughts
• Floods
• Noise
• Radiations
Droughts
Importance of Water
Surface Water
After precipitation, the amount of water that does not percolate down into
the ground or does not return to the atmosphere by evaporation or
transpiration and enters the rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, wetland, or
artificial reservoirs constitutes surface water.
Ground water is purer than surface water, the chance of
pollution is less in ground water.
Effects of Over-utilization of Ground Water
➢ Water logging
(saturation of the soil by groundwater)
➢ Subsidence
➢ River floods (when rain over large the catchment area slowly,
melting of snow)
Reasons:
➢ Solar Energy
➢ Wind Energy
➢ Tidal Energy
➢ Geothermal Energy
➢ Coal
➢ Nuclear energy
(Controversial, because use of
the radioactive substance but
it does not emit any green
house gas or toxic
gases.
Use
Useof
ofalternative
alternativesource
sourceof
ofenergy
energy
➢ 15 European union nations including Spain and Germany have committed
➢ 15 European union nations including Spain and Germany have committed
that by 2020, they will generate 20% of the energy using alterative energy
that by 2020, they will generate 20% of the energy using alterative energy
resources.
resources.
➢ Alternative energy resources not only save the non renewable energy
Alternative
➢resources fromenergy
being resources
used up butnot
alsoonly
it’s asave the
green non
and renewable
clean energy
technology.
resources from being used up but also it’s a green and clean technology.
➢ India has also taken several initiatives to promote the non renewable
energy resources. Currently, India is in 4th position in the world in
➢ India has also taken several initiatives to promote the non renewable
generating wind energy.
energy resources. Currently, India is in 4th position in the world in
generating wind energy.
➢ With the increasing price of petroleum, alternative energy resources are
not optional but mandatory.
➢ With the increasing price of petroleum, alternative energy resources
are not optional but mandatory.
➢ India plans to manufacture biodiesel from vegetable oil.
➢ India
➢The plans
cost to manufacture
of setting biodiesel
up a biomass plantfrom vegetable
is same as thatoil.
of coal based power
plant.
Limitation of alternative energy sources