SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF DESIGN AND AUTOMATION

MEE3502
DESIGN PROCESS PLANNING &
MANAGEMENT
Dr. C. Chiranjeevi
Associate Professor
Department of Thermal and Energy Engineering
School of Mechanical Engineering
VIT - Vellore
 DESIGN PROCESS PLANNING &
L T P J C
MEE3502 MANAGEMENT 2 0 2 4 4
Lecture
Module Managing Health and Safety
Hours

Safety and security policies, policies and standards.

Industry pollution and hazards. Comply with organisation’s
current health, safety and security policies and procedures,
Report any identified breaches in health, safety, and
5 Security policies and procedures, Identify, report and 4
correct any hazards, emergency procedures, Identify and
recommend opportunities for improving health, safety, and
security. Physical and mental health practices.
Psychological counselling process.
 SAFETY

The condition of being protected from or unlikely to cause

danger and risk of injury.

It is used with reference to such things as disasters,

emergencies, fire prevention and protection, and other
conditions that provide prevention from injury and damage
to property.
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 GENERAL INDUSTRY SAFETY RULES
1. Keep work areas clean.
Proper housekeeping alone can go a long way in preventing
injuries.
Injuries such as
• slips,
• trips,
• falls,
• lacerations,
• sprains, Empathy Define

• strains, etc. can be reduced by keeping work areas organized and clean. Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 GENERAL INDUSTRY SAFETY RULES
2. Use the proper tool for the job.
 Avoid the first impulse to use whatever tool (or object) is around you to get a work
task done.
 Using the wrong tool for the job can result in an injury or damage to the tool which
can lead to an injury in the future.

3. Always wear the proper Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for the work task.
 The lack of PPE, or the use of improper PPE, leads to many injuries in the workplace.
 PPE is the last line of defense when protecting yourself from the hazards of your
work.
 If you come into contact with a hazard when not wearing the correct PPE the injuryEmpathy Define

will be more severe. Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 GENERAL INDUSTRY SAFETY RULES
4. Never work on live equipment.
 Working on energized equipment is an unsafe act that can result in
serious injuries or fatalities.
 Always follow proper lock out/tag out procedures prior to performing
any maintenance or repair work on equipment.

5. Make sure chemicals are properly labeled and stored.

 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) issues many
citations regarding hazard communication every year.
 Improper labeling and storage can lead to injuries or property loss due
Empathy Define

to fires, corrosion, etc. Test

Ideate

Launch
Prototype
 GENERAL INDUSTRY SAFETY RULES
6. Communicate hazards to other personnel.
 Never assume that a coworker understands the hazards of a task, especially if
they are new or new to the task.
 When work plans or conditions change take the necessary time to inform
others of the impacts the changes have on safety.

7. Stop work when needed to address hazards.

 Always stop work to take the time to get hazards addressed to make it safe to
continue the task.
 Whether you need to involve other personnel such as a supervisor or you
need to take time to get the right tool for the job, always take the time to do
Empathy Define

so. Test
Ideate

Launch
Prototype
 DO’S
 Switch off the electrical points while not in use to avoid
unforeseen accidents.
 Keep the workplace clean.
 Report all accidents/injuries to the Company Dispensary
irrespective of their nature.
 Inform about occupational health and safety measures to your
colleagues/ employees.
 Ensure that First Aid Box is kept in your Section/Department
and replenish it with due care and caution to meet emergency
Empathy Define

need. Test
Ideate

Launch
Prototype
 DO’S
 Ensure close supervision while employees are working in an area
where hazardous gases/chemicals are in use.
 Ensure that all floors, stairs, passages, emergency exits, water-body
etc. are in good condition, properly maintained and free from
obstructions.
 Use suitable eye protection against particles/fragments thrown of
in the course of any process like excessive light, chemicals, gases,
welding, dust, fly ash etc.
 Ensure that sufficient number of fire extinguishers are kept at your
work place and are in good working condition and properly Empathy Define

maintained. Test
Ideate

Launch
Prototype
 DON’T’S
 Don't forget to switch off the lights and other electrical gadgets
while leaving the area of work.
 Don't allow/advise anybody to work without taking safety
measures in hazardous areas.
 Warning/caution signs are posted because of specific hazards
and should not be ignored.
 Removal/alteration by persons other than those authorised to
do so is prohibited.
 Do not operate any equipment without authority. Empathy Define

 Do not make the safety devices in-operative. Test

Ideate

Launch
Prototype
 DON’T’S
 Do not use the damaged/unsafe equipment and tools.
 Do not work in hazardous area without permit.
 Do not use any hazardous chemicals if the usable date has
expired.
 Do not use compressed air for removing dust from your
clothes.
 Do not overload the lifting machines than their designed
capacity.
 Don't leave the floor openings unattended.
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 GENERAL SAFETY PROCEDURES FOR INDIVIDUAL

• One must critically and rationally evaluate the severity of the

emergency and determine what requires to be done immediately.
• One must look for additional help by calling up the emergency toll-free
number, which would help the caller reach an official or “dispatcher.”
• It is recommended that one should call from a GPS (global positioning
system) equipped phone so that the emergency dispatcher is able to
track the location, even if the caller is unable to speak.
• One must assess the immediate threats, for example, in case a person is
severely injured from a running machine, the machine must be turned off
immediately to prevent others from getting hurt as well. Empathy

Ideate
Define

Prototype

Test Launch
 GENERAL SAFETY PROCEDURES FOR INDIVIDUAL

• Extremely high casualties must be reported to the occupational

health and safety committee (OHSC).
• One must move farther from the emergency spot and help others do
the same.
• Evacuation plans must be adopted, and escape routes must be taken.
• Secondary hazards must be eliminated or mitigated, at least.
For example, a car accident involves the risk of an explosion and fire
outbreak resulting from spilled fuel.
• One must help the other victims and take appropriate measures to
help the specially-abled ones.
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 GENERAL SAFETY PROCEDURES FOR INJURED

• One must try reviving a seemingly unconscious victim by

rubbing the chest, pinching the earlobes, providing
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (a combination of chest
compression and artificial respiration).

• One must avoid moving a severely injured victim and give

only the necessary first-aid techniques.

• One must avoid giving water for unconscious person. Empathy

Ideate
Define

Prototype

Test Launch
 COMMUNICATION OF SAFETY RULES

• Discussion during New employees during Orientation camp

• Published in the New Hire Orientation / Company Handbook
• Posting throughout the facility

• Annual refresher training

• On-the-spot corrections and reinforcement by supervisors Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 COMPONENTS OF A BASIC FIRST-AID
KIT
Plasters of different shape and sizes Sterile eye dressings Crepe rolled bandages

Small, medium, and large sterile gauze Triangular bandages Alcohol-free cleansing wipes
dressings

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
COMPONENTS OF A BASIC FIRST-AID
KIT
Sticky tape Antiseptic cream to relieve insect Painkillers such as paracetamol,
bites and stings aspirin or ibuprofen

Thermometer Antihistamine cream or tablets Distilled water for cleaning wounds

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 SECURITY

The state of being free from danger or threat.

It is used with reference to freedom from fear, anxiety,

and doubts concerning humans as well as protection against
thefts of property.
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 WORKPLACE SECURITY

It is basically the process to protect an employee from

work related illness and injury and to make the workplace
(building etc.) secure from intruders.

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Radiation Monitoring Badges Test Launch

 IMPORTANCE OF HAVING A WORKPLACE SECURITY 

Workplace security is very important because it will reduce

 liabilities,

 insurance,

 compensation and

 other social security expenses to be paid by the company to the

Empathy Define

stakeholders. Test
Ideate

Launch
Prototype
 FIRE ACCIDENT

An accidental fire is a mishap that could be either man-made or

natural.

Accidental fire occurs frequently and can be controlled but may

at times result in severe loss of life and property.
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
ELEMENTS OF FIRE

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 FIRE FIGHTING

Removing one element from the fire is, in fact, the

principle that underlies almost all firefighting methods.
 Fighting a fire with water removes the heat.
 Smothering the fire with noncombustible materials
removes the oxygen.
 Sealing off the fire area is another way of removing
oxygen.
 And loading out hot materials from the fire area removes
the fuel.
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 FIRE PREVENTION
DO's
 Know the location of fire extinguishers, exit routes and the nearest manual fire call
point.
 Make yourself conversant with the type of fire extinguisher and its operation.
 Keep your workplace clean and tidy.
 Training of use of safety equipment's such as fire extinguishers & personal
protective equipment's.
 Do inform fire department about the accidental use of fire safety equipments such
as fire extinguishers.
 Do report all fire/non-fire emergencies to your area incharge and fire station.
 Do practice no smoking in the workplace and where the 'No Smoking' signs are Empathy Define

displayed. Test
Ideate

Launch
Prototype
 FIRE PREVENTION

DON'Ts
 Don't use open flames/carry out hot work in the areas where hazardous
gases/chemicals are stored unless authorised.
 Don't remove portable extinguishers from their assigned location except in case of fire.
 Don't obstruct/block aisles, exits, hose cabinets, portable fire extinguishers or sprinkler
valves.
 Don't fiddle with the various facilities until and unless you are authorised to do so.
 Don't use fire safety equipments for any other purpose, other than they are meant for.
 Don't store chemicals near the source of heat.
 Don't carry chemical bottles in hand. Always make use of trolleys.
 Do not panic in the emergency situation and follow the guidelines as given under
general action plan.
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE

Class of Fire Source

A Fire from combustible objects like wood, paper, plastic, cloth, charcoal, etc.
B Fire from flammable liquids like gasoline, petrol, diesel, grease, other greasy
liquids, etc.
Fire from flammable gases like Propane, Butane, Methane, etc.
C Fire from electrical equipment
D Fire from combustible metals like sodium, magnesium, potassium, lithium,
titanium, aluminium etc.
E Fire caused by electrical equipment
F Fire caused by cooking oils

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENT

Dry chemical extinguisher

Water

High expansion foam.

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 DRY CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHER

 Dry chemical extinguisher put out fires by stopping the chemical reaction
between the fuel and oxygen (which produces the flame).

 The dry chemical agents work to inactivate the intermediate products of

the flame reaction.

 This results in a decreased combustion rate (rate of heat evolution) and

thus extinguishes the fire. Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 WATER

 Water acts to cool the fire, removing heat from the fire triangle.

 Water is an effective extinguishing agent on Class A Fires.

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 HIGH EXPANSION FOAM

 High expansion foam is used mainly to contain and control

fire by removing two legs of the fire triangle oxygen and heat.

 The tremendous volume of the foam acts to smother and cool

the fire at the same time.

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 P-A-S-S

•Pull
•Aim
•Squeeze
•Sweep
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 P – PULL THE PIN
This will allow you to discharge the extinguisher

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 A – AIM AT THE BASE OF THE FIRE

Aim at the flames (which is frequently the temptation),

the extinguishing agent will fly right through and do no good.

You want to hit the fuel

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 S – SQUEEZE THE TOP HANDLE OR
LEVER
Depresses a button that releases the pressurized
extinguishing agent in the fire extinguisher.

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 S – SWEEP FROM SIDE TO SIDE
Sweep from side to side until the fire is completely out.
Start using the extinguisher from a safe distance away, then
move forward.
Once the fire is out, keep an eye on the area in case it re-
ignites.

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
CORRECT USE OF A FIRE
EXTINGUISHER

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS AND THEIR DESCRIPTIONS
Water fire extinguishers Foam fire extinguishers
Suitable for use on class A type of fire. Suitable for class A and class B fire.

Powder fire extinguishers CO2fire extinguishers

Ideal for usage on class A, B, and C fires. Suitable for class B fire.
It is also safe on electrical equipment Also recommended for use
on electrical equipment.

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 ELECTRICAL SAFETY MEASURES
• Avoid wearing loose clothes that can get caught in a tool’s
moving parts.
• Never carry a power tool by its cord.
• Wear insulating boots (made of rubber, wood, etc.) to
prevent injuries from sudden electrical shock.
• Regularly inspect the control panels for any kind of short
circuit or fault.
• Use tools that are doubly insulated and are plugged into a
ground receptacle.
• Avoid using electrical appliances in wet conditions. Empathy Define

• Use a ground fault circuit interpreter. Test

Ideate

Launch
Prototype
 FIRST-AID TREATMENT FOR ELECTROCUTION

Shut off the power

supply

Separate the victim

from the source

Place the victim in the

recovery position
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 FIRST-AID TREATMENT FOR ELECTROCUTION

Cover the victim in a

blanket

Talk to the victim and

try reviving them to
consciousness

Control any bleeding

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 FIRST-AID TREATMENT FOR ELECTROCUTION

Check the victim’s

airways, breathing, and
circulatory system
before beginning any
sort of compressions

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 INDUSTRY POLLUTION

Form of pollution that can trace its immediate source to

industrial practices is known as industrial pollution.

Most of the pollution on the planet can be traced back to

industries of some kind.

Every nation is affected, and there are people who are

working tirelessly to increase awareness and advocate for
change.
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
1. Lack of Policies to Control Pollution
Lack of effective policies and poor enforcement drive allowed many industries
to bypass laws made by the pollution control board, which resulted in mass-scale
pollution that affected the lives of many people.
2. Unplanned Industrial Growth
In most industrial townships, unplanned growth took place wherein those
companies flouted rules and norms and polluted the environment with both air
and water pollution.
3. Use of Outdated Technologies
Most industries still rely on old technologies to produce products that generate
a large amount of waste. To avoid high cost and expenditure, many companies Empathy Define

still make use of traditional technologies to produce high-end products. Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
4. Presence of a Large Number of Small Scale Industries
Many small scale industries and factories that don’t have enough capital and
rely on government grants to run their day-to-day businesses often escape
environment regulations and release a large number of toxic gases in the
atmosphere.

5. Inefficient Waste Disposal

Water pollution and soil pollution are often caused directly due to inefficiency in
the disposal of waste. Long term exposure to polluted air and water causes chronic
health problems, making the issue of industrial pollution into a severe one.
It also lowers the air quality in surrounding areas, which causes many Empathy Define

respiratory disorders. Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
6. Leaching of Resources From Our Natural World
Industries do require a large amount of raw material to make them into finished products. This
requires the extraction of minerals from beneath the earth.
The extracted minerals can cause soil pollution when spilled on the earth.
Leaks from vessels can cause oil spills that may prove harmful to marine life.

7. Natural Resource Use

Raw material is a must for industries, which often requires them even pulling out underground
elements. One of the most common forms of leaching from natural resources is fracking for oil.

When industries extract minerals, the process causes soil pollution and also causes oil leaks
Empathy Define

and spills that are harmful and even deadly to people and animals. Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION ON OUR
ENVIRONMENT

1. Water Pollution
The effects of industrial pollution are far-reaching and liable to affect the
ecosystem for many years to come. Most industries require large amounts of
water for their work. When involved in a series of processes, the water comes
into contact with heavy metals, harmful chemicals, radioactive waste, and even
organic sludge.
These are either dumped into open oceans or rivers. As a result, many of our
water sources have a high amount of industrial waste in them, which seriously
impacts the health of our ecosystem. The same water is then used by farmers
for irrigation purposes, which affects the quality of food that is produced.
Water pollution has already rendered many groundwater resources useless
for humans and wildlife. It can at best be recycled for further usage in industries.
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION ON OUR
ENVIRONMENT

2. Soil Pollution
Soil pollution is creating problems in agriculture and destroying
local vegetation. It also causes chronic health issues to the people
that come in contact with such soil on a daily basis.
3. Air Pollution
Air pollution has led to a steep increase in various illnesses,
and it continues to affect us on a daily basis. With so many small,
mid and large scale industries coming up, air pollution has taken
a toll on the health of the people and the environment. Empathy

Ideate
Define

Prototype

Test Launch
 EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION ON OUR
ENVIRONMENT

4. Wildlife Extinction
By and large, the issue of industrial pollution shows us that it causes natural rhythms and
patterns to fail, meaning that the wildlife is getting affected in a severe manner. Habitats are
being lost, species are becoming extinct, and it is harder for the environment to recover from
each natural disaster.
Major industrial accidents like oil spills, fires, the leakage of radioactive materials and
damage to property are harder to clean-up as they have a higher impact in a shorter
timeframe.
5. Global Warming
With the rise in industrial pollution, global warming has been increasing at a steady pace.
Smoke and greenhouse gases are being released by industries into the air, which causes an
increase in global warming.
Melting of glaciers, extinction of polar bears, floods, tsunamis, hurricanes are few of the Empathy Define

effects of global warming. Test

Ideate

Launch
Prototype
 EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION ON OUR
ENVIRONMENT

6. Biodiversity Loss
Industrial pollution continues to cause significant damage to the earth and all of its
inhabitants due to chemical wastes, pesticides, radioactive materials etc. It affects wildlife and
ecosystems and disrupts natural habitats. Animals are becoming extinct, and habitats are
being destroyed.
The increasing liquid, solid and hazardous wastes undermine ecosystem health and impact
on food, water and health security. Industrial pollution disasters, including oil spills and
radioactive leakage, take years to decades to clean up.

7. Atmospheric Deposition
Cadmium enrichment of soil can also be associated with industrial pollution. Industrial
effluents are commonly discharged to surface water drainage systems after clarification in
tailing ponds. Recent investigations have disclosed very high concentrations of Cd in the Empathy Define

overbank and bottom sediments of the rivers. Test

Ideate Prototype

Launch
 WAYS TO CONTROL OR REDUCE INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION

The issue of industrial pollution is critical to every nation on the planet. With the increase of the harmful effects of
industrial pollution, there are many agencies and individuals who are working to reduce carbon footprints and live
and work in an eco-friendly way.
1. Source Control
Adopting new technology, efficient training of employees for safe use and development of better technology for
disposal of waste, and being more conscientious about the use of raw materials can help control industrial
pollution at the source.
2. Recycling
Recycling as much polluted water in the industries as possible by increased recycling efforts to reduce industrial
pollution.
3. Cleaning of Resources
Organic methods should be adopted to clean the water and soil, such as using microbes that use heavy metals and
waste as feed naturally. Cooling rooms or bins need to be developed that allow industries to recycle the water they
need instead of pushing it back into the natural water source it came from.
4. Industry Site Selection
Consideration of location of the sites and the potential impact on the surrounding environment can help reduce
Empathy Define

harmful consequences.
Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 WAYS TO CONTROL OR REDUCE INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION

5. Proper Treatment of Industrial Waste

By developing and implementing adequate treatment facilities for handling industrial waste and proper
habits can reduce pollution.
6. Rebuilding Habitats and Afforestation
Rebuilding habitats by planting more trees and plants can help give wildlife back their homes, and the
trees can help purify the air with enough oxygen, and act as a buffer against the environment.
7. Stricter Laws and Enforcement
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) works to correct the damage from industrial pollution.
There should be more stringent rules to take action against the companies who do not follow proper
protocol and more significant rewards for the companies who operate properly. It requires creating
policies that prevent misuse of land.
8. Regular Environmental Impact Assessments
Being a responsible company or industry should require regular environmental impact assessments that
are reported for evaluation. If there are harmful impacts discovered during the review, necessary Empathy Define

actions to correct the negative consequences should be developed and enforced. Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 HAZARDS

A substance that is likelihood to cause an injury in a given

environment or situation.

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 INDUSTRIAL HAZARD

Industrial hazard may be defined as any condition

/substance produced by industries that may cause injury or

death to personnel or loss of product or property.

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 CULTIVATING A WORKPLACE SAFETY CULTURE

• Preventing and removing workplace hazards is necessary for

employee safety,

• It’s a legal responsibility under the Occupational Safety Health Act’s

General Duty Clause

• Employers are required to provide a workplace that is free from

recognized hazards that may cause death or serious harm to their
Empathy Define

employees. Test
Ideate

Launch
Prototype
 OSHA FIVE TYPES OF WORKPLACE HAZARDS

1. Safety

2. Chemical

3. Biological

4. Physical
Empathy Define

5. Ergonomic Test
Ideate

Launch
Prototype
 WORKPLACE HAZARDS
1. Safety Hazards
Safety hazards encompass any type of substance, condition or object that can injure
workers. In many types of workplaces they can include spills on floors, walkways
blocked by cords or boxes, falls from heights, machinery with moving parts, confined
spaces and electrical hazards such as frayed cords.
2. Chemical Hazards
Workers can be exposed to chemicals in liquids, gases, vapors, fumes and particulate
materials. Chemical hazards include acids, pesticides, carbon monoxide, flammable
liquids, welding fumes, silica dust and glass fibers.
3. Biological Hazards
Employees who work with other people, with animals or with infectious materials can
be exposed to biological hazards such as blood, fungi, mold, viruses and animal Empathy Define

droppings. Test
Ideate

Launch
Prototype
 WORKPLACE HAZARDS
4. Physical Hazards
A physical hazard can injure workers with or without contact. These
types of hazards include radiation, working in extreme heat or cold,
spending hours under the sun or being constantly exposed to loud
noise.
5. Ergonomic Hazards
Ergonomic related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) account for
33% of all employee injury and illness cases. These types of hazards
occur when repetitive work, the type of work, or a certain position
strains the body. These are the most difficult hazards to spot Empathy Define

because problems build up over time. Test

Ideate

Launch
Prototype
 SAFETY HAZARDS IN THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

Machine Guarding
Correct machine guarding is essential to keep workers safe who operate
heavy machinery every day on their job. Improperly installed machine guards
pose a hazard to employees which may result in life-threatening accidents.
Electrical
Electricians and engineers are the ones who are most exposed to electrical
hazards such as incorrectly installed equipment, unlocked electrical panels,
and exposed wires.
Falls
Surprisingly, falls are one of the most commonly occurring safety hazards in
the manufacturing sector. They are the leading cause of injury and death.
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 SAFETY HAZARDS IN THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

Lockout / Tagout
Several energy sources including electrical, mechanical or chemical
equipment in a manufacturing workspace can prove hazardous to the
workers. When the employees are servicing or carrying out
maintenance operations on the heavy machinery, an unexpected
startup or release of energy may lead to serious injury or death.
Poor Maintenance
Poorly maintained machinery and equipment increases the risk of
safety issues and may lead to serious accidents. Even high-end
equipment equipped with fail-safe features can malfunction if periodic
Empathy Define

maintenance checks are not performed. Test

Ideate

Launch
Prototype
 SAFETY HAZARDS IN THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

Fire and explosion hazards

Fire occurs in the industry more frequently than explosions and
toxic release,
The consequences in terms of loss of life are generally less.
Fire might be less hazardous
Permanent Hazards
Most of the machines in manufacturing facilities are dangerous
regardless of how well they are maintained and often pose what is
known as a permanent hazard. Empathy

Ideate
Define

Prototype

Test Launch
 MINIMIZING WORKPLACE HAZARDS

Minimizing or eliminating workplace hazards need not be

time-consuming or even expensive. Being aware of possible
hazards can increase productivity, prevent illness, reduce
days off and save lives.
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 QUOTE

When wealth is lost, nothing is lost;

When health is lost, something is lost;

When character is lost, all is lost.

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 HEALTH

Mental health & physical health have a bi-direction and

complex relationship.

Health as a state of complete physical, mental and social

well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

“There is no health without mental health.”

WHO Empathy

Ideate
Define

Prototype

Test Launch
 MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH

A clear distinction is often made between 'mind' and

'body'. But when considering mental health and physical
health, the two should not be thought of as separate.
Poor physical health can lead to an increased risk of
developing mental health problems.
Similarly, poor mental health can negatively impact on
physical health, leading to an increased risk of some
conditions.
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 ASSOCIATION B/W MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH

1. Poor mental health is a risk factor for chronic physical

conditions

2. People with serious mental health conditions are at high

risk of experiencing chronic physical conditions

3. People with chronic physical conditions are at risk of

Empathy Define

developing poor mental health Test

Ideate

Launch
Prototype
 MENTAL WELLNESS/GOOD MENTAL HEALTH

Is feeling, thinking, and interacting in ways that help you

enjoy life and deal effectively with difficult situations”

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
CHRONIC MEDICAL CONDITIONS & ASSOCIATED MENTAL
HEALTH CONDITIONS

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 STRESS ABOUT MEDICAL SYMPTOMS
•Medical condition can lead to pressures & changes of
lifestyle that patient finds unpleasant
•Unplanned & unwanted lifestyle changes can lead to stress
•Patient feels worse than anticipated resulting in acute stress
that interferes with physical recovery
Stress
Medical
Symptoms

Empathy Define

Undesired Life Ideate Prototype

changes Test Launch

 BENEFITS OF HEALTHY PERSON

 less tension, stress and mental fatigue

 a natural energy boost
 a sense of achievement
 more focus and motivation
 feeling less angry or frustrated
 a healthy appetite and
 having fun. Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
7 HEALTHY HABITS FOR GREATER PHYSICAL &
MENTAL WELL‑BEING

 Sleep

 Food

 Work out

 Hydration
Empathy Define

 Mindfulness Test
Ideate

Launch
Prototype
 SLEEP

A regulated sleep cycle with 7-9 hours of sleep per night is

essential for mental and physical well-being.
Sleep deprivation has several negative effects on mental
and physical health.
It can lead to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, as
well as significantly impair cognitive and motor performance.
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 FOOD

A healthy diet is essential for keeping the mind and body in peak condition.
Everyone has different dietary restrictions and lifestyle choices, but overall
recommendations include : healthy habits
 3-5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day
 8 grams of healthy protein per kilogram of body weight (multiply your body
weight in pounds by 0.36 to get your daily protein suggestion in grams)
 Avoiding harmful foods and ingredients including: processed foods, refined
sugars, added hormones, GMOs
 Maintaining a slightly alkaline pH balance (a chart showing which foods are
acidic or alkaline can help guide your choices)
 Meals that are Low in carbohydrates and nutrient-rich
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 WORK OUT

Elevating the heart rate for 20 minutes at a time each day

is sufficient for reaping the rewards of this healthy habit. This
could be a brisk walk, run, bike ride, or hobby that involves
physical activity.
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 HYDRATION

This is one of the most essential healthy habits as our bodies

need water on a more consistent basis than food.

Consuming enough water not only helps hydrate and nourish

us, but it provides a neutral pH, helps detoxify organs, and
Empathy Define

combats food cravings. Test

Ideate

Launch
Prototype
 MINDFULNESS

Mindfulness can be achieved by meditating, or focusing

on being present in the here and now – without attention on
the past or future.
This heightened “state of awareness” provides benefits
such as improved concentration and mental clarity,
emotional intelligence, self-control, and an increased ability
for acceptance and compassion.  
All of which lead to a more positive and healthy state of
mind. Empathy

Ideate
Define

Prototype

Test Launch
 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

A part of the process used to evaluate if any particular

situation, item, thing, etc. may have the potential to cause
harm.
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 RISK ASSESSMENT

 Identify hazards and risk factors that have the potential to

cause harm (hazard identification).
 Analyze and evaluate the risk associated with that hazard
(risk analysis, and risk evaluation).
 Determine appropriate ways to eliminate the hazard, or
control the risk when the hazard cannot be eliminated
(risk control).
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 GOAL OF HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

 To find and record possible hazards that may be present

in your workplace.

 To work as a team and include both people familiar with

the work area, as well as people who are not
this way both the experienced and fresh eye can conduct
the inspection. Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 NEED OF HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

To design and implementation a process

Checklist before tasks
Checklist during tasks
Checklist During inspections
After incidents
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 TO DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION A PROCESS

 Designing a new process or procedure

 Purchasing and installing new machinery

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 CHECKLIST BEFORE TASKS

 Checking equipment or following processes

 Reviewing surroundings before each shift

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 CHECKLIST DURING TASKS

 Be aware of changes, abnormal conditions, or sudden

emissions
 During inspections

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 CHECKLIST DURING INSPECTIONS

 Formal,
 informal,
 supervisor,
 health and safety committee
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 AFTER INCIDENTS

 Near misses or minor events

 Injuries

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 PROCEDURE FOR HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION
 Look at all aspects of the work and include non-routine activities such as
maintenance, repair, or cleaning.
 Look at the physical work environment, equipment, materials, products,
etc. that are used.
 Include how the tasks are done.
 Look at injury and incident records.
 Talk to the workers: they know their job and its hazards best.
 Include all shifts, and people who work off site either at home, on other
job sites, drivers, teleworkers, with clients, etc.
 Look at the way the work is organized or done (include experience of Empathy Define

people doing the work, systems being used, etc). Test

Ideate

Launch
Prototype
 PROCEDURE FOR HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION
 Look at foreseeable unusual conditions (for example: possible
impact on hazard control procedures that may be unavailable in an
emergency situation, power outage, etc.).
 Determine whether a product, machine or equipment can be
intentionally or unintentionally changed (e.g., a safety guard that
could be removed).
 Review all of the phases of the lifecycle.
 Examine risks to visitors or the public.
 Consider the groups of people that may have a different level of risk
such as young or inexperienced workers, persons with disabilities, or
Empathy Define

new or expectant mothers. Test

Ideate

Launch
Prototype
 PROCEDURE FOR HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

What materials or equipment could I be struck by?

 moving objects (e.g., forklifts, overhead cranes, vehicles)
 flying objects (e.g., sparks or shards from grinding)
 falling material (e.g., equipment from above)

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 PROCEDURE FOR HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION
What objects or equipment could I strike or hit my body upon,
or that part of my body might be caught in, on, or between?
 stationary or moving objects
 protruding objects
 sharp or jagged edges
 pinch points on machines (places where parts are very close
together)
 objects that stick out (protrude)
 moving objects (conveyors, chains, belts, ropes, etc.)
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 PROCEDURE FOR HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION

What could I fall from? (e.g., falls to lower levels)

 objects, structures, tanks, silos, lofts
 ladders, overhead walkways
 roofs
 trees, cliffs

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 PROCEDURE FOR HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION

How could I overexert myself?

 lifting
 pulling
 pushing
 carrying
 repetitive motions
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 PROCEDURE FOR HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION
What other situations could I come across?
 unknown/unauthorized people in area
 a potentially violent situation
 working alone
 confined space
 missing/damaged materials
 new equipment/procedure at work site
 fire/explosion
 chemical spill or release Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 MORE INFORMATION ABOUT
HAZARDS
 Safety Data Sheets (SDSs).
 Manufacturer’s operating instructions, manuals, etc.
 Test or monitor for exposure (occupational hygiene testing such
as chemical or noise exposure).
 Results of any job safety analysis.
 Experiences of other organizations similar to yours.
 Trade or safety associations.
 Information, publications, alerts, etc. as published by reputable
organizations, labour unions, or government agencies.
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION FOR
FRESHER
 ask your supervisor
 ask a member of the health and safety committee or your health and
safety representative
 ask about standard operating procedures and precautions for your job
 check product labels and safety data sheets
 pay attention to signs and other warnings in your work
 watch for posters or instructions at the entrance of a chemical storage
room to warn of hazardous products
 ask about operating instructions, safe work procedures, processes, etc.
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 COUNSELLING

The counselling process is a planned, structured dialogue

between a counsellor and a client.
It is a cooperative process in which a trained professional
helps a person called the client to identify sources of
difficulties or concerns that he or she is experiencing.
Together they develop ways to deal with and overcome
these problems so that person has new skills and increased
understanding of themselves and others. Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 PSYCHOLOGY COUNSELLING

A general practice and health service provider specialty in

professional psychology.
It focuses on how people function both personally and in
their relationships at all ages.

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE

 Healthy aspects and strengths of clients (whether being

seen as individuals, couples, families, groups or
organizations.
 Environmental/situational influences (how cultural,
gender and lifestyle issues shape people’s experiences
and concerns).
 Issues of diversity and social justice (e.g., advocacy).
 The role of career and work in peoples’ lives. Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 NEED

It addresses the emotional, social, work, school and

physical health concerns people may have at different stages
in their lives.

It also focus on typical life stresses and more severe issues

with which people may struggle as individuals and as a part
of families, groups and organizations.
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 COUNSELLING IS
•The process that occurs when a client and counsellor set aside time
in order to explore difficulties which may include the stressful or
emotional feelings of the client.
•The act of helping the client to see things more clearly, possibly
from a different view-point. This can enable the client to focus on
feelings, experiences or behaviour, with a goal to facilitating positive
change.
•Confidentiality is paramount to successful counselling. Professional
counsellors will usually explain their policy on confidentiality, they
may, however, be required by law to disclose information if they Empathy Define

believe that there is a risk to life. Test

Ideate

Launch
Prototype
 COUNSELLING IS NOT
•Giving advice.
•Judgemental.
•Attempting to sort out the problems of the client.
•Expecting or encouraging a client to behave in a way in
which the counsellor may have behaved when confronted
with a similar problem in their own life.
•Getting emotionally involved with the client.
•Looking at a client's problems from your own perspective,
based on your own value system.
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 COUNSELLING PROCESS

1st Stage: Intial Disclosure - Relationship Building

2nd stage: In-depth Exploration - Problem Assessment
3rd stage: Commitment to action - Goal Setting
Step 4: Couselling Intervention
Step 5: Evaluation, Termination or Referral
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 INITIAL DISCLOSURE - RELATIONSHIP BUILDING

The first step involves building a relationship and focuses

on engaging clients to explore issue that directly affect them.
The first interview is important because the client is
reading the verbal and nonverbal messages and make
inferences about the counsellor and the counselling
situation.
Is the counsellor able to empathies with the client?
Does the client view the counsellor as genuine? Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 IN-DEPTH EXPLORATION - PROBLEM ASSESSMENT

While the counsellor and the client are in the process of

establishing a relationship, a second process is taking place,
i.e. problem assessment.
This step involves the collection and classification of
information about the client’s life situation and reasons for
seeking counselling
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 COMMITMENT TO ACTION - GOAL SETTING

Setting goals is very important to the success of

counselling.
It involves making a commitment to a set of conditions, to
a course of action or an outcome.

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 COUNSELLING THEORIES

  Psychoanalytic theory
  Behaviour theory
  Cognitive theory
  Humanistic theory

Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 PSYCHOANALYTICAL COUNSELLING

 Freud maintain that personality development is

connected with three areas of personality: The id, the ego
and Super ego.
 These three areas are in a constant state of interaction
and together determine how an individual behaves
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 HUMANISTIC COUNSELLING

 Individuals should have the freedom to explore their

subjective experience
 The people should be aware of their inner feelings.
 People have the capacity to solve their own problems.
 Counsellor should be genuine, empathic and warm.
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 BEHAVIOURAL COUNSELLING

 The consequences of a behaviour rather than its causes

 The immediate effect of dysfunction behaviour
 The therapeutic interventions that are aimed at
unlearning a dysfunctional behaviour and replacing it
with approved behaviour.
 The motivations for behaviour are mainly environmental.
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 COGNITIVE THEORY

 All human beings are rational and have the capacity to

reason.
 No two people will respond to an event in the same way,
so it is not events that produce bad feelings but the way
these events are interpreted.
 Emotions and behaviour are determined by thinking
behaviour.
 Counsellors will help clients understand how their
thinking influences their emotional responses.
Empathy Define

Ideate Prototype

Test Launch
 DESIGN PROCESS PLANNING &
L T P J C
MEE3502 MANAGEMENT 2 0 2 4 4
Lecture
Module Managing Health and Safety
Hours

Safety and security policies, policies and standards.

Industry pollution and hazards. Comply with organisation’s
current health, safety and security policies and procedures,
Report any identified breaches in health, safety, and
5 Security policies and procedures, Identify, report and 4
correct any hazards, emergency procedures, Identify and
recommend opportunities for improving health, safety, and
security. Physical and mental health practices.
Psychological counselling process.