Incropera & DeWitt: Chpt 3

Lecture 5 p. 154-164

CEMI 321
Transport principles II:
Heat and mass transfer
 Heat Transfer:
Physical Origins and Rate Equations

At the end of this contact session, you should:

•Be familiar with heat transfer from extended surfaces.
•Be able to define and distinguish between different
kinds of fins
•Be familiar with application of heat transfer through
fins
Be familiar with fins of uniform cross-sectional area
 Heat Transfer:
From extended surfaces
Fins are used in many applications to increase the heat transfer from
surfaces. Typically, the fin material has a high thermal conductivity. The
fin is exposed to a flowing fluid, which cools or heats it, with the high
thermal conductivity allowing increased heat being conducted from the
wall through the fin. The design of cooling fins is encountered in many
situations, and we thus examine heat transfer in a fin as a way of
defining some criteria for design.
Heat transfer from extended surfaces
T∞, h

Ts , A

T∞, h

A
Fins
Ts
 Heat transfer from extended surfaces
Ts1 Ts1 >Ts2
qconv Heat transfer from
qcond boundaries of a solid
qconv
in the same direction
Ts2 as heat transfer by
hot fluid cold fluid
conduction in the solid
T∞1, h1 T∞2, h2

qcond T2

Direction of heat transfer

cold fluid
qconv from boundaries of solid is
T∞, h perpendicular to principal
direction of heat transfer in
T1>T2>T∞ the solid.
qcond
T1
Fins
Fins – Fig. 3.15
Straight fin of uniform Straight fin of non-
cross section uniform cross section

Annular fin Pin fin

 General conduction analysis
dAs dqconv

qx qx+dx

Ac(x)

z
dx
y

x
Assumption:
• One-dimensional conduction in the x-direction
• qconv = qcond at certain x
• Steady state conditions
• Constant thermal conductivity
• Negligible radiation form the surface
• Heat generation effects are absent
Fins

• Convection coefficient is uniform over the surface

 General conduction analysis
dAs dqconv From energy balance:

conduction convection
qx qx+dx

Ac(x)

Eq. 3.66
dx
conduction
From Fourier’s law: Section 3.6.1

convection

From Newton’s law of cooling:

Fins
 Fins of uniform cross-sectional area

As=Px
fin perimeter

P Section 3.6.2
Fins
 Fins of uniform cross-sectional area Section 3.6.2

To simplify, define excess temperature

𝑑2 𝜃 2 through double integration

2
− 𝑚 𝜃=0
𝑑𝑥

Boundary condition (base, x=0)

Boundary condition (tip, x=L)

Fins

A convection heat transfer C prescribed temperature

B adiabatic D infinite fin
 Fins of uniform cross-sectional area
Boundary condition (tip, x=L)

A convection heat transfer

From energy balance:

𝜃 cosh 𝑚( 𝐿 − 𝑥)+(h / 𝑚𝑘) sinh 𝑚( 𝐿 − 𝑥 )

=
𝜃𝑏 cosh 𝑚 𝐿+(h / 𝑚𝑘) sinh 𝑚 𝐿
Fins
 Fins of uniform cross-sectional area
Boundary condition (tip, x=L)

A convection heat transfer

Fins
 Fins of uniform cross-sectional area

|
Boundary condition (tip, x=L)
B adiabatic
𝑑𝜃
=0
Negligible heat loss from fin tip

𝑑𝑥 𝑥= 𝐿
C prescribed temperature

𝜃 (𝜃 𝐿 /𝜃 𝑏)sinh 𝑚 𝑥+sinh 𝑚(𝐿 −𝑥)

=
𝜃𝑏 sinh 𝑚 𝐿
Fins
 Fins of uniform cross-sectional area
Fins Boundary condition (tip, x=L)

𝜃
D very long fin
− 𝑚𝑥
=𝑒
𝜃𝑏
Class Example
Class Example
 Pelec Ah = 2 m2
T∞=25ºC Th
hh= 10W/m2.K qh T(L) = T∞=25 ºC
T∞=25ºC ks = 400 W/m.K
hs= 300 W/m .K
2

Pelec= 25 kW Pmech qs
Pmesh = 15 kW L= 0.5 m
qp t = 0.05 m
t = 0.05 m
Tb = T∞=25 ºC
W = 0.7 m kp = 0.5 W/m.K
(Th-T∞)=?
Assumptions:
• Steady state conditions Th=?
• One-dimensional conduction in the pad and shaft
• Constant properties
• Negligible contact resistance

From energy balance:

𝐸˙ 𝑖𝑛 − 𝐸˙ 𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝐸˙ 𝑔𝑒𝑛= 𝐸˙ 𝑠𝑡
qh

qp

ΘL = T(L) – T∞ = 0

qs Prescribed temperature
Th-T∞

Th
End – Thank you