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Measures of Dispersion-April19
Measures of Dispersion-April19
Measures of Dispersion-April19
Slide 1
Measures of dispersion
■ Learning Objectives
• Calculate common measures of
dispersion from grouped and ungrouped
data (including the range, interquartile
range, mean deviation, and standard
deviation)
• Calculate and interpret the coefficient of
variation
Slide 2
What is measures of dispersion?
(Definition)
Central tendency measures do not
reveal the variability present in the
data.
Dispersion is the scatteredness of
the data series around it average.
Dispersion is the extent to which
values in a distribution differ from
the average of the distribution.
Slide 3
Why we need measures of dispersion?
(Significance)
Slide 6
Measures of Dispersion
7
Slide 7
Measures of
dispersion
■ Range
The range is defined as the difference between the largest
score in the set of data and the smallest score in the set of
data, XL - XS
• sensitive to extreme scores;
• compensate by calculating interquartile range (distance between
the 25th and 75th percentile points) which represents the range of
scores for the middle half of a distribution
Usually used in combination with other measures of dispersion.
10
Slide 8
Rang
e
10
Slide 9
Interquartile range
10
Slide 10
The Semi-Interquartile Range
11
Slide
SIR Example
■ What is the SIR for the
data to the right? 2
■ 25 % of the scores are 4 5 = 25th %tile
below 5 6
– 5 is the first quartile 8
■ 25 % of the scores are 10
above 25 12
– 25 is the third quartile 14
25 = 75th %tile
■ SIR = (Q3 - Q1) / 2 = 20
(25 - 5) / 2 = 10 30
60
Slide
1 2
When To Use the SIR
13
Slide 13
The mean deviation
Slide 14
Actual and absolute deviations from
mean
A set of x values has a mean of x
■ The residual of a particular x-value is:
Residual or deviation = x- x
■ The absolute deviation is:
x-x
Slide 15
Mean deviation
x x
Mean deviation
n
Slide 16
To calculate mean deviation
1.Calculate mean of data Find
Slide 17
The standard deviation
■ Measures the variation of observations from
the mean
■ The most common measure of dispersion
■ Takes into account every observation
■ Measures the ‘average deviation’ of
observations from mean
■ Works with squares of residuals not absolute
values—easier to use in further calculations
Slide 18
Standard deviation of a population δ
2
(x x )
Standard deviation δ
n
Slide 19
Standard deviation of a sample s
Slide 20
To calculate standard deviation
1. Calculate the mean x
2. Calculate the residual for each x x
x
3. Square the residuals (x x)2
Slide 21
Uses of Standard
deviation
■ Uses of the standard deviation
Slide 22
Coefficient of variation
Slide 23
Formula for coefficient of
variation
■ Denoted by V
s
V % 100
x
x
where = the mean of the sample
s = the standard deviation of the sample
Slide 24
Summary
■ Measures of Dispersion
– no ideal measure of dispersion exists
■ standard deviation is the most important
measure of Dispersion.
• it is the most frequently used
• the value is affected by the value of every observation in the data
• extreme values in the population may distort the data
Slide 25
REFERENCE
1. Mathematical Statistics- S.P Gupta
2. Statistics for management- Richard I.
Levin, David S. Rubin
3. Biostatistics A foundation for Analysis in the
Health Sciences.
■ Lecture by
■ Dr Zahid Khan
■ King Faisal University,KSA.
Slide 26