HYDRAULIC OIL RESERVOIRS

The main function of an oil reservoir in hydraulic system is to

store enough for circulation within the hydraulic system and
components. The capacity of the reservoir normally
calculated for mineral oil based to have 3 to 5 times pump’s
volumetric flow rate, but due to the other accessories
mounting on the reservoir, reservoir are made bigger. If a fire-
resistant fluid is used, the reservoir volume must be 5 to 8
times the pump capacity, depending on air-separation and dirt
settling characteristics.

CLASSIFICATION OF RESERVOIRS
Hydraulic oil reservoirs are classified into two groups, namely;

 Non-pressurized reservoirs
Industrial applications, Ground equipments
 Pressurized reservoirs
Mobile, Marine and Aircraft applications
 HYDRAULIC OIL RESERVOIRS

NON-PRESSURIZED RESERVOIRS
 HYDRAULIC OIL RESERVOIRS

RESERVOIR AS HEAT DISSIPATION CHAMBER

 HYDRAULIC OIL RESERVOIRS

RESERVOIR AS VELOCITY DIFFUSOR

 HYDRAULIC OIL RESERVOIRS

SEALED RESERVOIR
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PRESSURIZED RESERVOIRS

A pressurized reservoir is used in hydraulic systems where atmospheric

pressure is not sufficient to maintain a net positive suction head to the
pump.  In many mobile applications, the fluid level is below the pump inlet.
Since there is always vacuum at the pump inlet, the pump must be air
released before start up after filling the pump with oil. If this is not done,
the cavitation may occur. In this case, a pressurized reservoir will help.

In mobile equipments, there are three ways of pressurizing the reservoir;

 Compressed air from the mobile air system can be utilized to pressurize
the tank.
 A pressure control reservoir cap can hold the pressure within the reservoir.
Due to the thermal expansion of oil, air trapped in the clearance space
above the oil, will be pressurized.
 Take a tapping for pressurized air from scavenge pump of a diesel engine.
 HYDRAULIC OIL RESERVOIRS

PRESSURIZED RESERVOIRS
 HYDRAULIC OIL RESERVOIRS

HYDRAULIC RESERVOIR CONSTRUCTION

 HYDRAULIC OIL RESERVOIRS

HYDRAULIC RESERVOIR CONSTRUCTION

 HYDRAULIC OIL RESERVOIRS

HYDRAULIC RESERVOIR ASSEMBLIES

HEAT EXCHANGERS
 HEAT EXCHANGERS
WATER-OIL HEAT
EXCHANGERS AIR-OIL HEAT EXCHANGERS
 HEAT EXCHANGERS

GASKETED PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERS

 HEAT EXCHANGERS

BRAZED PLATE WELDED TYPE PLATE

HEAT EXCHANGER HEAT EXCHANGER
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FILTER LOCATION IN HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
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ISO CODE PARTICLE
COUNT

RECOMMENDATION FOR OIL CLEANLINESS

 HYDRAULIC FILTERS

FILTER RATINGS
The filtration ratings are very important in pressure and return line
filters. The filters are rated on the basis of their ability to separate
contamination particles up to a certain level from oil, under specific
operating conditions. The performance depends on the filter rating
selected for each application
ABSOLUTE FILTRATION RATINGS
The absolute rating, of a filter refers to the diameter of the largest
spherical glass particle, normally expressed in micrometers (m),
which will pass through the filter under laboratory conditions.
NOMINAL FILTRATION RATINGS
The nominal filtration ratings apply to depth type filters and the ratings
depend upon the 50 –90% of the retention rate of the particles pass
through the filters more than the specified value. For example, a 10
micron filter, not only pass the 10 microns or smaller, but also pass
through some of the particles larger than 10 microns. This happens
only when the oil pass through the filter several times.
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BETA RATIO AND FILTER EFFICIENCY

Filtration efficiency is expressed as a “Beta Ratio”. The Beta Ratio is a
measure of the particle capture efficiency of a filter element. It is therefore a
performance rating. Beta Ratio derived from a Multi-pass Test.

Number of particles upstream

BX = -----------------------------------------------------
Number of particles downstream

Where x is at a specific particle size like 3 micron,6 micron,10 micron etc.

50,000
B10= ----------------- = 5
10,000
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The Beta Ratio / efficiencies table below shows some common beta
ratio numbers and their corresponding efficiencies.

Beta Ratio Capture Efficiency

(at a given particle size) (at same particle size)

1.01 1.0%
1.1 9.0%
1.5 33.3%
2.0 50%
5.0 80%
10.0 90%
20.0 95%
75.0 98.7%
100.0 99.0%
200.0 99.5%
1000.0 99.9%
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The pleating process makes the filter element added column

strength, more filter area and can withstand collapsibility under
pressure.
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FILTER EFFICIENCY
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CONSTRUCTIONAL ASPECT OF FILTERS

AIR BREATHER CUM FILTER

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TANK FILLER / BREATHER

Air flows in and out

through strainer and
breather when the fluid
levels rise and fall inside
the reservoir. The
breather filter inside the
cap remove contaminants
as small as 10 microns
from the air to keep
airborne contaminant
from entering the fluid.
The strainer removes
large particles from fluid
as it is added to the
reservoir.
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DES-CASE- BREATHER FILTER DESSICANT TYPE

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DES-CASE ISOLATING BREATHER WITH

BARRIER PROTECTION
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REPLACABLE AIR BREATHER

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LOW PRESSURE
RETURN LINE FILTERS
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HIGH PRESSURE
LINE FILTERS
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DUPLEX FILTERS
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SUCTION STRAINERS / FILTERS

60 mesh = 238 microns
100 mesh = 149 microns
200 mesh = 74 microns

OFF-LINE FILTERS
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PROTECTIVE FILTERS
 HYDRAULIC FILTERS
MOBILE FILTER AGGREGATE
 HYDRAULIC ACCUMULATORS

NON-SEPARATOR TYPE

SEPARATOR TYPE
This is the most commonly accepted design of gas-loaded
accumulators. In this type, there is a physical barrier between gas
and oil. This barrier effectively utilizes the compressibility of the gas.
The separator type accumulator is classified into three types.
 Bladder type
 Diaphragm type
 Piston type
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BLADDER TYPE ACCUMULATOR
The bladder type accumulators are further classified into:
 Top repairable
 Bottom repairable
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DIAPHRAGM TYPE ACCUMULATORS

 HYDRAULIC ACCUMULATORS
PISTON TYPE ACCUMULATORS
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Operating Principles of Accumulators
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Energy storage in an Injection molding machine

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Supplement pump flow or emergency power source
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Pressure holding or pressure compensator function
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