PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS-2

(Mining Applications)
USAGE OF COMPRESSED AIR IN MINING

The most common mining machines that use compressed air:

- Air pick hammer (Martopikör)

- Jack hammer or drifter drill (Martoperferatör)
- Some underground drills
- Some surface drills
- Overhead loaders
- Locomotives (not used nowadays)
- Some ventilators
- Pneumatic explosive charging machines
 AIR PICK HAMMER (MARTOPİKÖR)
Pick hammers are hand tools which are used to excavate
coal or similar soft minerals.
 JACK HAMMER OR DRIFTER DRILL
(MARTOPERFERATÖR)

• Jack hammer is a tool used for drilling.

• They can be hand held type or pusher leg type.
• They are used for drilling blastholes in small scale underground
mines.
• They are used for drilling large blocks which are found in blasted
rock in open pit mines and quarries.
• They are also used in some other works in mining and construction
works.
 PNEUMATIC UNDERGROUND DRILL RIGS

Wheeled type
Crawler drill
Rock Drills (Drill hammers)
PNEUMATIC SURFACE DRILL RIGS
Wagon drill Track drill
DTH Hammer
 Flushing (Bailing) Air Systems
in Drilling Rigs

Flushing air is used to remove out the drill cuttings from

drill hole. Flushing air is provided by air compressors.

DRILLING METHODS

•Rotary drilling
•Rotary - percussive drilling
(Called briefly percussive or percussion drilling)
 Main Parameters in Rotary Drilling

• Thrust (Feed pressure)

• Rotation
• Flushing
 Main Parameters in Percussive Drilling

• Percussion (Impact)
• Thrust (Feed pressure)
• Rotation
• Flushing

Percussion drilling types:

• Top hammer drilling

• Down the hole drilling (DTH drilling)
• Light percussive drill rigs usually use portable
compressors.
Heavy percussive drill rigs are equipped with on-board air
compressors.

Hydraulic Top Hammer Drill Rig

Rotary drill rigs are equipped with on-board air compressors.
Complimentary Equipment for Underground
Pneumatic Drills

• Water separators
• Lubricators
• Lighting equipment
• Winches
• Pumps
 PNEUMATIC OVERHEAD LOADERS
The bucket of a pneumatic overhead loader is filled during
forward driving and emptied into a mining car located at the back
by turning the bucket over the whole machine.

They are generally used in some small-scale ore mines.

 PNEUMATIC VENTILATERS

Compressed air driven ventilators are used in the following

situations:

• Where electric power is not avaliable.

• Where only a small quantity of air flow is required.

• Where methane content may exceed 1.25 %.

•Where localized additional ventilation is required to dilute

or remove methane concentration.
PNEUMATIC EXPLOSIVE CHARGING MACHINES

For horizontal and upward blastholes, the principal method

of charging is the charging by pneumatic devices.
Such devices are also used for the charging downward
blastholes where higher charging density is required.

Two types of pneumatic charging machines are available:

- Semi-automatic charging machines for cartridge explosives
- Pressure-ejector vessels for ANFO.

Semi-automatic charging machines are useful for upward

holes and fissured rocks where cartridges tend to jam.
Pressure-ejector vessels for ANFO are mostly used in
tunneling or gallery drivages.
General methods of compressed air charging

c) Transporter with porous

a) Jet stream transport
bottom
b) Transporter with belt bettcher
d) Pressure tank transporter
Classic pneumatic charger Fully mechanized pneumatic charger
COMPRESSORS
Some standard compressors
Some portable compressors
COMPRESSED AIR INSTALLATION