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Internship Report
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Background of the company
The company has stablished in the year 1998 EC in Dire Dawa industrial
zone and planted on 25,000m2 of land
This factory is private owned and started with small capital and man powers
at the time of its beginning. But, now days the factory expands its production
to hold around 9 operating plants and opening a job opportunity for over 450
individuals
SHEMU has numerous brands of bar soap with different qualities and
characteristic’s . the prominent SHEMU bar soap Brands are
• SHEMU POLAR
• SHEMU WHITE
• SHEMU PENAL 3
Introduction to Soap and Detergent Production
Definition of Soap
Soap are the sodium and potassium salts of the long chain carboxylic acid. It’s a product which used for cleaning agent.
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Soap is prepared by hydrolyzing fats or oils under alkaline condition. This reaction is called
SAPONIFICATION
Definition of Detergent
Detergents are the sodium salts of long chain benzene sulphuric acids. They are primarily produced
easily from petrochemicals. The ionic group in detergent is SO3 -Na+.
Detergents are similar on structure and function to soap, but they are more commonly used than soap
Since they are more efficient in a hard water than the soap
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Soap vs detergent
Soap Detergent
Soaps are made from fat and alkali by Detergents are carbonic compounds
They are not suitable for delicate clothes. They are suitable for delicate clothes.
They clean better in hot water. They clean both in hot and cold water
They don’t produce lather with hard water They clean the cloth even in hard water.
Lot of water is needed to remove soap from They are removed very easily so less
Saponification is the formation of a metallic salt of a fatty acid; such a salt is called a soap.
The overall saponification process in SHEMU factories are as follow
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Bar soap production plant
Bar soap produced from different raw materials. The raw materials are of two types
1. Active raw materials : this include the soap noodles which is produced from fatty, oil and caustic soda
through saponification reaction
Soluble sodium silicates:- used to prevent corrosion, to bind the soap together and to keep the strength
of the soap.
Sodium tri polyphosphate /STP:- used as a builder for a water softer and lift minerals like ca2+, mg2+
and iron from fabrics without forming precipitate.
Perfume and color:-are used to have a good fragrance or odor and a good brightness color respectively.
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Process flow diagram of bar soap production
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Liquid Detergent production
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Process flow diagram of detergent production
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Material balance on selected unit operation
Water(Kg) =?
Xsolid = 0
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Min - Mout + Mgeneration - Mconsumption = dm/dt
The process is steady state process i.e. there is no change through time, so dm/dt = 0. And
assumptions, Mass of generation and consumption are zero. Thus, the process is non-
reactive.
Minput = Moutput
.
Mass of NaOHinput + Mass of H2Oin = Mass of NaOHout
1550 kg + MH2O = MNaOH out ……………………………….Eq (1)
.
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1534.5/0.35 = MNaOHout
MNaOHout = 4384.2857 kg
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PROJECT PROPOSAL
RECYCLING OF PLASTIC BOTTLE
Introduction
Plastic recycling is the process of recovering scrap or waste plastic and reprocessing the material into useful
products.
beside the fact that most of the raw materials for the production of detergent plastic bottling are imported from outside
the country with a high currency this plastic bottles are used for packaging detergent and for other purposes are throw
away to the environment after they used by the customer which can as result causes an environmental pollution
This environmental and health concerns are also related with decreases of soil productivity, improper disposal of
plastic bags have been linked to spread of malaria ,as well as high wastage of foreign currency
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Objetives of Project
General objectives
To assess the general plastic waste recycling &
to effectively manage the PET plastic bottles by
identifying practical means to introduce Cleaner
production tools mainly recycling
Specific objectives
To identify ways and methods for collection of PET
bottle waste
To reduce the cost consumption of import raw materials
by recycling or reusing plastic bottling
to protect from environmental pollution
To recommend on what to be done to support the growth
of PET bottle Recycling
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Process and equipment required for plastic recycling
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How the recycle is occur ?
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Conclusion of the report
This project is able to examine comprehensively the environmental inventories of each of the collection,
sorting, transportation and re-processing activity, including the import of recovered plastics to collecting
for re-processing
The project also answers the question about the plastic bottle recycling of reducing import raw material
to our countries
Above all, this project provides insights to retailers and packaging companies on the choices of
packaging materials and the environmental impacts of their decisions given particular recycling logistics
systems in particular countries
Recommendation
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THANK YOU
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