SUBSTATION

Content
INTRODUCTION
NEED OF SUBSTATION
TYPES OF SUBSTATIONS
DEVICES IN SUBSTATIONS5 OPERATION OF SUBSTATION
What is Substation
 A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system.
Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several
other important functions. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power
may flow through several substations at different voltage levels.
Need of Substation

PRATICAL CONSIDERATION
 To satisfy load growth
 To accommodate new generation
 To maintain Reliability requirement
TECHNICAL CONSIDERATION
 To step up and step down voltage level
 To break the power flow
 Provide support to the power flow
Types of Substations
ON THE BASIC OF SERVICE REQUIREMENT
1. TRANSFORMER SUBSTATION
2.SWITCHING SUBSTATION
3.POWER FACTOR CORRECTION SUBSTATION
4. FREQUENCY CHANGER SUBSTATION
5.INDUSTRIAL SUBSTATION
6.CONVERTING SUBSTATIONON
THE BASIC OFCONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES
1.OUTDOOR SUBSTATION
2.INDOOR SUBSTATION
3.UNDERGROUNG SUBSTATION
 Devices in Substation

Potential transformer
 Potential transformer is a voltage down transformer which reduces the voltage of a high
voltage circuit to a lower level for the purpose of measurement. These are connected across
or parallel to the line which is to be monitored.
Current Transformer
 A current transformer (CT) is a type of transformer that is used to reduce or multiply an
alternating current (AC). It produces a current in its secondary which is proportional to the
current in its primary Current transformers, along with voltage or potential transformers,
are instrument transformers
circuit breaker
 A circuit breaker is an automatically-operated electrical switch designed to protect an
electrical circuit from damage caused by overload of electricity or short circuit. A circuit
breakers function is to detect a fault condition and, by interrupting continuity, to
Immediately discontinue electrical flow
ISOLATOR
 An isolator is a device used for isolating a circuit or equipment from a source of power. An
isolator is a mechanical switching device that, in the open position, allows for isolation of
the input and output of a device.
RELAYS
relay is a low-powered device used to activate
a high-powered device. Relays are used to trigger circuit breakers and other switches in
substations and transmission and distribution systems.
 SUBSTATION EARTHING

The substation grounding system comprises of a grid (earth mat) formed by a horizontal
buried conductors. ... To ensure safety to personnel in substations against electrical shocks. To
provide the ground connection for connecting the neutrals of stat connected transformer
winding to earth (neutral (earthing)
 LIGHTNING ARRESTER
lightning arrester (alternative spelling lightning arrestor) (also called lightning diverter) is a
device used on electric power systems and telecommunication systems to protect the
Insulation and conductors of the system from the damaging effects of lightning.
 OPERATION OF SUBSTATION
Electricity is generated in a thermal power plan, hydroēlectic power plant, and nuclear power plant, etc. This
electricity is then supplied to a transmission substation near the generating plant. In the transmission
substation the voltage is increased substantially using step up transformers. The voltage is increased to
reduce the transmission losses over long distances. This electricity then is supplied to a power substation
where it is stepped down using step down transformers and then supplied to a distribution grid, in the
distribution grid there are additional transformers and voltage is further reduced for distributing further down
the grid. From here the electricity is supplied to step down transformers near residential quarters that step
down the voltage to 110/220 Volts as per each country's requirement