MODELS OF AN

ATOM
DEMOCRITUS ATOMIC THEORY
• All matter consists of indivisible atoms.
• Atoms are extremely small ,too small to see with the naked
eye.
• Atoms are solid particles that are indestructible.
• Atoms are separated from one another by emptiness.
JOHN DALTON’S ATOMIC MODEL
John theory is summarized as follows:
• All matter is made up of extremely tiny ,indivisible,
indestructible particles called atom.
• All atoms of an element are identical in mass and
properties.
• Atoms with different elements vary in size and
mass.
• Compounds are formed by a combination of two or
more different kinds of atoms.
• A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms.
J.J. THOMSONS ATOMIC MODEL
• In 1897 ,the Sir Joseph Thomson
discovered the electron , a
negatively charged part of an
atom.
• He also held that atoms are
uniform spheres of positive
charge in which electrons are
embedded.
• His model was later popularly
known to be the plum pudding
model.
RUTHERFORD’S MODEL OF THE ATOM
• Rutherford was the first to suggest that the plum
pudding model was incorrect.
• His model was also called the planetary model.
• His model introduces the nucleus the atom
theory.
• The nucleus contains relatively high central charge
concentrated into very small volume .
• The nucleus is surrounded by lighter and negatively
charged electrons
BOHR’S ATOMIC MODEL
• In 1913 ,Niels Bohr proposed a theory
that energy is transferred only in certain
quantities .
• Electrons move around move around the
nucleus but only in prescribed orbits.
• When jumping from one orbit to another
with lower energy , a light quantum is
emitted.