CLASSIFICATION OF BUS DESIGN

PRESENTED BY : SAHIL CHOUDHARY

(A2325310010)
TOPICS TO BE DISCUSSED
 DEFINITION
 CLASSIFICATION
 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF BUS BODY
DESIGN CLASSIFICATION
 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR SAFETY
 WHAT IS A BUS ??
 A bus is a road
vehicle designed to carry
many passengers.
 Buses can have a capacity
as high as 300 passengers.
 One of the main public
transports throughout the
world.
Omnibus Service in Year 1824
CLASSIFICATION OF BUSES
 TYPE-I BUSES
 Vehicles of medium and high capacity
designed and constructed for urban and sub
urban / city transport with area for standing
passengers, to allow movement of
passengers associated with frequent stops.
 The low capacity vehicles which are
designed and constructed for urban and sub
urban / city transport exclusively for
carrying seated passengers.
 TYPE-II BUSES
 Vehicles are those designed and
constructed for inter-urban/ inter-
city transport without specified
area for standing passengers.
 Can carry standing passengers
over short distance in the
gangway; unless otherwise
prohibited by the State Transport
Department.
 TYPE-III BUSES
 Vehicles are those designed
and constructed for long
distance passenger transport,
exclusively designed for
comfort of seated passengers
and not intended for carrying
standing passengers.
 TYPE-IV BUSES
Vehicles for special purpose use such
as :-
 School Bus: means vehicles designed
and constructed specially for
schools, college, and other
educational Institutions.
 Tourist Bus: means vehicles designed
and constructed for the purpose of
transportation of passengers as
tourists and may be classified in any
one Type of comfort levels.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF BUS
BODY DESIGN CLASSIFICATION
 Length of the buses  Hand rails
 Service door  Seat
 Windows  Intrusion of wheel arch
 Guard rails  Luggage rack
 Emergency exit
 Steps
 Destination board
 Floor height
 Driver’s Accessibility
 Gang ways  Standee passenger area
 LENGTH OF THE BUSES
 In case of buses having not more than two axles- 6.5 m
 Buses with rigid frame having two or more axles-12 m
 Articulated Buses having more than two axles-16 m
 For3 axle passenger transport vehicles-15 m
SERVIC
E
DOORS

NDX SDX DLX ACX

TYPE I 2 2 1 1
TYPE II 1 1 1 1
TYPE III N.A. 1 1 1
ACCESS TO SERVICE DOORS
 BUSES WIDTH(mm) HEIGHT (mm)

Standard 550 550

Midi & Mini 550 450

Type I (NDX & 650 1000

SDX )
Type II (NDX) 650 1000

ACX 550 700

WINDOWS
The window panes shall be of sliding type for all buses except ACX
buses. However, in ACX buses the provision for adequate ventilation
in case of A.C. failure shall be made.
GUARD RAILS
 All buses except ACX buses
shall be provided with min
of two guard rails.
 First one shall be provided at
height of 75 mm from the
lower window sill.
 Distance between two guard
rails shall be 75 to 100 mm.
EMERGENCY EXITS
Refers to doors windows other than the service doors which can be used by passengers in a case of an emergency.
Minimum Number: 2, Dimensions:- Height: 1250 mm, Width: 550 mm
STEPS FOR SERVICE DOORS * all dimensions in mm

 First step height in relation to the ground shall be measured with the vehicle on level ground,
unladen, the tyre pressure being as specified by the manufacturer corresponding to maximum
technical mass.
 The height of a step shall be measured at the centre of its width.
 GANGWAYS
 ‘Gangway’ means the space providing
access to passengers from any seat or
row of seats to another seat or to any
access passage.
 it does not include: -
 The space required to accommodate the
feet of the seated passengers
 The space above the surface of any step
or staircase
 Any space which affords access to one
seat or row of seats

* all dimensions in mm
GANGWAYS

* all dimensions in
 * all dimensions in mm

PASSENGER SEAT

Minimum torso angle

NDX : 12 deg
SDX, DLX & ACX : 15 deg
SEAT BASE
THICKNESS
(mm)

SEAT
BACK
THICKNE
 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR SAFETY
 Roll over protection
 Front impact

protection
 Side impact protection

 Passenger door

 Rear overhang
ROLL OVER PROTECTION

 Roof collapsed and disintegrated  To reinforce the strength in between

without safety concept side walls and the roof
 Prevention of a passenger cabin
collapse sideward
 FRONT IMPACT PROTECTION

The roof will move

All pillars collapse forward – roof

disintegrated - without safety concept
 FRONT IMPACT PROTECTION
Diagonal column to
stabilize the roof thru
directing the impulse force
into the lower body:
 Column out of two strong

tubes Stabilizing
column
 Zig-zag interconnection in
Impulse force
between bars diverted into
body
 Correct angle from roof to

column
 Correct angle from column

into body
 SIDE IMPACT ACCIDENTS

 Triangular vertical
Whole body bent & side wall collapsed
reinforcement underneath floor
without safety concept
 Gives structural strength against
side impact and roll over
SIDE IMPACT PROTECTION
Triangular reinforcement longitudinal inside floor level
PASSENGER DOOR
Functions according to European Safety regulations:
In case of a panic after an accident the passengers want to press outward

The passenger door must swing outward otherwise it becomes a death trap
 wheel base
60% of wheel base

REAR OVERHANG
To ensure comfortable vehicle handling (stability on the road) the rear
overhang can be maximum:
 60 % of wheel base measured behind rear axle to rear bumper
HUMP
 Only small vehicles can be built like Formula 1 cars
 Big vehicles require specific aerodynamic shape to reduce air resistance

 Lower air resistance will reduce fuel consumption

THANK YOU !!