Fractions

Ratio and Proportion

Conversion
 FRACTIONS –part of a whole

A. reading and writing fractions

(1/4) one fourth

(2/3) two-thirds

(5 ) five and four ninths

4/9

7/2 seven halves

B. Kinds of fractions

1. proper – numerator is lesser than denominator (3/4)

2. improper – numerator is greater than denominator (8/5)

3. mixed  – a whole number and a proper fraction (2 3/5

)

4. similar – fractions with the same denominators (2/7,3/7)

5. dissimilar – fractions with different denominators (1/7,2/9)

6. equivalent – fractions with the same value(2/4,3/6)

C. Operations 

1. MULTIPLYING FRACTIONS
• change all mixed fractions to improper fractions
• multiply numerators
• multiply denominators                            
• reduce to lowest term
(  4x2+3==

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https://youtu.be/8wVvnCkQE9o
    

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2. dividing fractions
• change all mixed numbers to improper fractions
• reciprocate the 2nd fraction
• multiply numerators
• multiply denominators
• reduce to lowest term

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https://youtu.be/09JF0heqXdw
https://youtu.be/yMVVLO32sEg
https://youtu.be/64FodFJREBQ
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3. adding and subtracting similar fractions
• add/subtract numerators/whole numbers
• copy common denominator
•  reduce to lowest term

Whole numbers: 1 + 2 =3

Add numerators: 3+ 1 = 4

Keep denominator : 8

https://youtu.be/t0nu84hE1ns
(5) +
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4. adding and subtracting dissimilar fractions
• multiply denominators
• cross-multiply given fractions
• add/subtract numerators
• reduce to lowest term

6+7 =
 21
 𝟏 𝟐
𝟏 + = 𝑳𝑪𝑫 𝟑𝟔
𝟒 𝟗
1X9
𝟒 𝑿 𝟐 =𝟖

+ 1=
 = LCD 40

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 TAKE AWAYS (FRACTION)
MULTIPLICATION: multiply numerator and multiply
denominator
DIVISION: reciprocate the second fraction the multiply
numerator and denominators or crossed multiplication
ADDITION/SUBTRACTION: add/subtract numerators OR
WHOLE NUMBER
ADDITION/SUBTRACTION DISSIMILAR: multiply
denominators then cross multiply the factors, then add or
subtract.
RATIO AND PROPORTION
• ratio (4:9) four males for every nine females

• proportion – two equal ratios;

                      product of means and extremes is equal

3:5 = 9:15 or 3/5 = 9/15

3 and 15 are extremes, 5 and 9 are means.

4/7 = 8/14 proportion (4x14 is 56, 7x8 is 56)

4/9 = 2/3 not proportion ( 4x3 is 12, 9x2 is 18)

A. Operations

• (mean x mean)  or (extreme x extreme)

       extreme                      mean

Find the value of n.

3/2 = 9/n      3n = 2X9

n/9 = 10/45    45n = 9X10 n= 2

2/8 = n/40      8n = 2x40 n= 10

B. kinds of Proportion 

1. direct proportion - both terms increases

2. indirect proportion – one term increases while the other

decreases

3. partitive proportion – the sum or total is divided or

partitioned.
CONVERSION
A. fraction to decimal       (divide)

B. fraction to percent       (2/5 x100)= 40%  

                                  
C. decimal to fraction       (decimal)
                                          place value

D. decimal to percent       (move 2 places to the right)

E. percent to decimal       (move 2 places to the left)

F. percent to fraction        (%/100)

FRACTION TO DECIMAL (divide)
1. = 0.8

2.
3. 1/3 = 0.33

4. 4/9 = 0.44

5. 2/10 = 0.2 
FRACTION TO PERCENT (multiply fraction by 100)

1. 3/5 = 3x100 = 300 = 60%

                 5 5

2. 4/9 = 4x100 = 400 44.4%

                 9 9

3. 1 ¼ = 5/4 = 5x100 = 500 125%

             4 4

4.  2 1/3  = 7/3 = 7x100 = 700 233.3 %

                               3 3
DECIMAL TO FRACTION
(use the last place value)

1. 0.03 = 3/100

2. 1.8 = 1 8/10
or 1 4/5

3. 0. 0125 = 125/10000 or 1/80

4. 2.6 = 2 6/10
or 2 3/5
DECIMAL TO PERCENT

(move 2 places to the right)

1. 0.35 = 35%

2. 0.016 = 1.6%

3. 0.0175 = 1.75%

4. 1.15 = 115%
PERCENT TO DECIMAL
(move 2 places to left)

1. 38% = 0.38

2. 212% = 2.12

3. 9% = 0.09

4. 103% = 1.03
PERCENT TO FRACTION ( percent/100)

1. 85% = 85/100 or 17/20

2. 105% = 105/100 or 21/20 or 1 1/20

3. ½% = 0.005% = 5/1000 or 1/200

 NOTE * fractional percent must be converted to decimal

first, then to percent. 

4. ¾% = 0.0075% = 75/10000 or 3/400

5. 7% = 7/100
Thank you…