HUMAN BRAIN

Brain
Brain is the organ of soft
nervous tissue contained in the
skull of cranium, functioning as
the coordinating centre of the
body.
The human brain weighs
approximately about 1.4
kilograms and make up about
2% of the human body weight.
Parts of Brain

• Human brain is divided

into 3 main parts on the
basis of their function and
placements.
• The 3 main parts are;
Fore brain
Mid brain
Hind brain
Fore Brain
• It is the anterior part of
the brain.
• It has two parts;
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Telencephalon
• It has 3 parts;
 Cerebrum
 Cerebral Cortex
 Olfactory Bulb
Cerebrum
• This part extends from the forebrain up to
the back of the head.
It is divided into 2 halves called cerebral
hemisphere.
1) Right hemisphere
2) Left hemisphere
They communicate via corpus callosum.

Functions
 It helps in movement.
 It control speech.
 It is responsible for sensory processing.
 Cerebral Cortex
Cerebral cortex is the outer region of cerebrum.
cortex is three millimeter thick layer which covers the both hemispheres.
The cortex is made up of grey matter.
Lobes of the Cerebral Cortes
It has 4 lobes;
1. Frontal lobe:
The frontal lobe is the area of the brain responsible for higher cognitive functions.
( problem solving, memory, language, judgment)
2. Temporal lobe:
The temporal lobe plays a role in emotions and is also responsible for smelling,
tasting, perception, music.
The temporal lobe also contains the language area of the brain.
3. Parietal lobe:
The parietal lobe plays a role in our sensations of smell , touch , and taste.

4. Occipital lobe:
The occipital lobe is at the rear of the brain and controls vision and
recognition.
Functions
It plays a key role in memory, thinking,
reasoning, problem solving, emotions,
consciousness.
Olfactory Bulb
• It is related to olfactory
sense. It is very small in size.
However, its size in animals is
larger than in humans . That's
why ; ability to smell in animal
is stronger than in humans.
Functions

Sense of smell.
Diencephalon
It has 3 main parts.
1. Thalamus
2. Hypothalamus
3. Limbic System
• Amygdala
• Hippocampus
Thalamus
It is located above the brain
stem and between the
cerebral cortex and mid brain.

Function
 It carries sensory information
from the body to cerebrum
and the limbic system.
 Damage cause coma.
Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus sits under the
thalamus at the top of the
brainstem. Although the
hypothalamus is small, it controls
many critical bodily function.

Function
It controls hunger, thirst, body
temperature, reproduction, sleep
and aggression
Pituitary Gland
A pea sizes gland attached to the
hypothalamus by a thin stalk.
Secretes hormones that are
used to control other glands.

Function
It is very important in growth
and reproduction.
Limbic System
It is arc shaped structure between
thalamus and cerebrum.
Limbic system is important in both
memory and emotion.

Function
It control responses like
 Hunger
 Fear
 Thirst
 Anger
 Sexual responses
Amygdala
Two almond shaped neural
clusters that are components
of the limbic system and are
linked to emotion and fear.
Function:
It deals pleasure, punishment ,
sexual arousal
Hippocampus
The hippocampus is a small,
curved formation located deep
in the temporal lobe of the
brain.
Functions:
It deals with the formation of
memory, learning, aggression,
hormone regulation.
Mid Brain
It is located below the cerebral
cortex and above the hind
brain. It connects the fore
brain with hind brain.

Function
It controls reflex movements
of eyes and hearing reflexes.
Hind Brain
It is present at the
backside of the brain.

Parts:
It consist of
 Cerebellum
 Pons
 Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
It is located at the back side
of the head. It is Latin for
little Brain.

Functions
It control the balance of the
body and coordinates the
voluntary movement of
the body.
Pons
• Pons mean Bridge.
• It is located above
medulla.

Functions:
It controls sleep as well as
the rate and pattern of
breathing.
Medulla
• It is the posterior part of the
brain.

Functions:
It controls automatic actions e.g.
1. Breathing
2. Heart rate
3. Swallowing
4. Blood circulation