HEAT ENERGY

Grade 8 S.Y 2021-2022

Objectives:
1. Explain how energy is
transferred.
2. Identify good conductors of
heat.
3. Cite examples of insulators.
Heat is transferred from one body to another in
three possible ways; CONDUCTION,
CONVECTION, and RADIATION.
 CONDUCTION- (more accurately, thermal conduction)
the flow of heat from a hot part of a
body to a cooler part, without
transfer of matter. Conduction can
also take place from one body to
another, provided the two bodies
are in contact, and a temperature
difference exists between them.
 CONDUCTION- (more accurately, thermal conduction)
For example, a pot on a hot plate is heated by
conduction from the stove surface, via the underside of the
pot. In a solid, the particles (atoms or molecules) are close
to one another. If heat is applied to one end of, say, a bar of
the material, the particles which are heated will vibrate more
energetically.
The energy of these vibrations is transmitted to the
neighboring particles, causing them to vibrate, and so on.
Materials differ widely in their ability to conduct heat.
 CONVECTION- (in liquid & gases)
- heat takes place in fluids (i.e., liquids and
gases), and involves the movement of matter
from hot regions to cooler regions. This
takes place because the hot regions of the
fluid are less dense than the cooler regions,
and so will tend to rise. As the warm fluid
rises, it is replaced by cooler liquid from
above. A so-called convection current is set
up.
Convection of air masses is
responsible for weather.

We also use the principle of

convection in the heaters
that warm our homes.
 RADIATION- (space)
- the transfer of heat energy in the
form of waves in the infrared region of
the electromagnetic spectrum. This
process can take place in a vacuum,
and is in fact the way in which heat
from the sun reaches the earth across
150 million km of empty space.
RADIATION- Application:
THERMAL IMAGING.
Warm ears; cold nose photographed with equipment
sensitive to infrared radiation; computer then paints
different frequencies differently.
 caused by the atmospheric accumulation
of gases such as carbon dioxide and methane,
which contain some of the heat emitted from
Global issue: Earth's surface.
Although the greenhouse effect is a naturally
occurring phenomenon, it is possible that the
Global Warming & effect could be intensified by the emission of
greenhouse gases into the atmosphere as the
Greenhouse Effect result of human activity.
 With increasing global surface
temperatures the possibility of
more droughts and increased
intensity of storms will likely occur.
As more water vapor is evaporated
into the atmosphere it becomes
fuel for more powerful storms to
develop. More heat in the
atmosphere and warmer ocean
surface temperatures can lead to
increased wind speeds in tropical
Global issue: storms. Rising sea levels expose
higher locations not usually
subjected to the power of the sea
Global Warming & and to the erosive forces of waves
and currents.
Greenhouse Effect