Challenges in the Migration to

4G Mobile Systems

Suk Yu Hui and Kai Hau Yeung

City university of Hong Kong

Presenter: Shuai Peng

(William@camus.snu.ac.kr)
Contents

 Introduction
 Overview of the Challenges
 Research Challenges
 Mobile Station
 Multimode User Terminals
 Wireless System Discovery
 Wireless System Selection
 System
 Terminal Mobility
 Network Infrastructure and QoS Support
 Security
 Fault Tolerance and Survivability
 Service
 Multi-operators and Billing System
 Personal Mobility
 Conclusion

2
Introduction

 2G – 2nd Generation Mobile System

 GSM, IS-95, cdmaOne
 Low-bit-rate data

 3G – 3rd Generation Mobile System

 Higher-data-rate service
 New technology
 GPRS
 IMT-2000
 Bluetooth
 WLAN
 HiperLAN
 Independent systems, all have there own shortcomings
 A single system is needed to replace all of them – 4G

3
Introduction

 4G – 4th Generation Mobile System

 Key Features from Users’ Point of View
 High usability: anytime, anywhere, and with any technology
 Support for multimedia services at low transmission cost
 Personalization
 Integrated services
 All-IP based network – any system / any time / any where
 Telecommunications services + data and multimedia services
 Personalized service
 Facilities for integrated services

 Challenge to Migrate to 4G
 Mobile station
 System
 Service

4
Contents

 Introduction
 Overview of the Challenges
 Research Challenges
 Mobile Station
 Multimode User Terminals
 Wireless System Discovery
 Wireless System Selection
 System
 Terminal Mobility
 Network Infrastructure and QoS Support
 Security
 Fault Tolerance and Survivability
 Service
 Multi-operators and Billing System
 Personal Mobility
 Conclusion

5
Overview of the Challenges

 Mobile Station
 Multimode User Terminals
 Wireless System Discovery
 Wireless System Selection

6
Overview of the Challenges

 System
 Terminal Mobility
 Network Infrastructure and QoS Support
 Security
 Fault Tolerance and Survivability

7
Overview of the Challenges

 Service
 Multi-operators and Billing System
 Personal Mobility

8
Contents

 Introduction
 Overview of the Challenges
 Research Challenges
 Mobile Station
 Multimode User Terminals
 Wireless System Discovery
 Wireless System Selection
 System
 Terminal Mobility
 Network Infrastructure and QoS Support
 Security
 Fault Tolerance and Survivability
 Service
 Multi-operators and Billing System
 Personal Mobility
 Conclusion

9
Research Challenges – Mobile Station

 Multimode User Terminals

 Needs: terminals can adapt themselves for different wireless networks
 Ideal solution: adopt the software radio approach

 Challenge – current technology is not completely feasibility

 One antenna and one LNA cannot serve the wide range of frequency bands
 Need multiple analog parts
 Existing ADCs are not fast enough
 The fastest current ADC is still 2 to 3 orders slower
 Needs more interface functions for real-time execution
 More functions cause high circuit complexity, high power consumption and dissipation

10
Research Challenges – Mobile Station

 Wireless System Discovery

 GSM – periodically broadcast
 4G – more complicated because of

difference in network and protocols

 Solution and Challenge

 Scanning by software radio
 Load required software for network
 OTA (Over The Air)
 Free users from download
 Simplify network Management
 Long downloading time
 Slow downloading speed

11
Research Challenges – Mobile Station

 Wireless System Selection

 Needs
 Select the optima network for the service needed
 Right network ensure QoS (Quality of Service)

 Challenge
 Network change from time to time – complicated to select
 Adequate knowledge of networks is required to make the selection
 Precise understanding of supported service
 System data rates
 QoS requirements
 Communication costs
 User preference
Contents

 Introduction
 Overview of the Challenges
 Research Challenges
 Mobile Station
 Multimode User Terminals
 Wireless System Discovery
 Wireless System Selection
 System
 Terminal Mobility
 Network Infrastructure and QoS Support
 Security
 Fault Tolerance and Survivability
 Service
 Multi-operators and Billing System
 Personal Mobility
 Conclusion

13
Research Challenges – System

 Terminal Mobility
 Allows user to roam across networks
 Solutions and Challenges
 Location management
 Information about the roaming terminal
 Original and current located cells
 Authentication information
 QoS capabilities
 Handoff management
 System load, handover latency, package losses
 Horizontal and Vertical handoff
 Rea-time multimedia service
 No latency!
 Correct handoff time
 Uncertain handoff times
 Hard to design good handoff
mechanisms

14
Research Challenges – System

 Network Infrastructure and QoS Support

 Background
 Non-IP-based system – Voice delivery
 GSM, CDMA2000, UMTS
 IP-based system – Data service
 802.11, WLAN, HiperLAN
 For 4G – Integrating
 How to integrate?
 How to ensure QoS?
 More and more systems are involved
 Hard to guarantee end-to-end QoS
 From provider to user

15
Research Challenges – System

 Security and Privacy

 Background
 2G / 3G: different standards implemented for their unique feature
 Existing security schemes are inadequate for 4G
 Challenge
 Key concern for 4G – Flexibility
 Should be applied to different technologies and devices
 Varied capabilities
 Varied processing powers
 Varied security needs

 Fault Tolerance and Surivivability

 One network fails, many other networks afffected

16
Contents

 Introduction
 Overview of the Challenges
 Research Challenges
 Mobile Station
 Multimode User Terminals
 Wireless System Discovery
 Wireless System Selection
 System
 Terminal Mobility
 Network Infrastructure and QoS Support
 Security
 Fault Tolerance and Survivability
 Service
 Multi-operators and Billing System
 Personal Mobility
 Conclusion

17
Research Challenges – Service

 Multi-operators and Billing System

 Background
 Today’s system – a flat rate based billing system
 4G – more comprehensive billing and accounting system
 Challenge
 User subscribe to many services from many providers at same time
 New business architecture, accounting process and data maintenance
 Equalization on different charging schemes
 One Single Billing Method Covers All

18
Research Challenges – Service

 Personal Mobility

19
Conclusion

 Introduction for 2G / 3G / 4G System

 Research Challenges
 Mobile Station
 Multimode User Terminals
 Wireless System Discovery
 Wireless System Selection
 System
 Terminal Mobility
 Network Infrastructure and QoS Support
 Security
 Fault Tolerance and Survivability
 Service
 Multi-operators and Billing System
 Personal Mobility

 In My Point of View
 Listed Framework for 4G System, Challenges and Possible Solutions
 Further Research Needed into Specified Domain

20