PHILIPPINE ASSOCIATION OF DETECTIVE AND

PROTECTIVE AGENCY OPERATORS (PADPAO), INC.

 DEFINITION OF TERMS

SECURITY
• Freedom from fear or danger
• Defense against crime
(Security World Magazine, March 1973)

PHYSICAL SECURITY
• A system of barriers placed between the
adversary and the subject of protection;
FACTORS THAT BRING ABOUT INSECURED
CONDITIONS
THREATS
- an activity that could lead to a loss

HAZARDS
- a condition that could lead to a loss

VULNERABILITY
- a weakness that can be used to gain access
to an asset

RISK
- a potential loss or damage to an asset
PHYSICAL BARRIERS

5 TYPES:

* Natural

*
Animal

*
Human

*
Structural
 PERIMETER BARRIER
(1st Line of Defense)

MAIN PURPOSE

To deny or impede access or exit of

unauthorized person/s.
 OTHER PURPOSE OF PERIMETER
BARRIER
1. Defines the boundary of the property to be
secured
2. Creates a physical and psychological deterrent to
unauthorized entry
3. Delays intrusion, thus facilitating apprehension
of intruders
4. Assists in a more efficient and economical
employment of guards
5. Facilitates and improves the control of pedestrian
and vehicular traffic
 TYPES OF FENCING

1. SOLID

2. FULL-VIEW
* Chain link
* Barbed wire
* Concertina
 CHAIN LINK FENCE
1. Must be constructed of 7-foot material excluding top
guard.
2. Must be of 9-gauge or heavier.
3. Mesh openings are not to be larger than 2” per side.
4. Should be a twisted and barbed salvage at top and
bottom.
5. Must be securely fastened to rigid metal or reinforced
concrete.
6. Must reach within 2” of hard ground or paving.
7. On soft ground, must reach below surface deep enough
to compensate for shifting soil or sand.
 BARBED WIRE FENCE
1. Standard barbed wire is twisted, double- strand, 12
ga. wire with 4 point barbs spaced an equal distant
apart.

2. Barbed wire fencing should not be less than 7 feet

high, excluding top guard.

3. Barbed wire fencing must be firmly affixed to posts

not more than 6 feet apart.

4. The distance between strands must not exceed 6”

and at least one wire will be interlaced vertically and
midway between posts.
 THE TOP GUARD
1. A top guard is an overhead of barbed wire along
the top of the fence, facing outward and upward at
approximately a 45-degree angle.
2. Top guard supporting arms will be permanently
affixed to the top of fence posts to increase the
overall height of the fence by at least one foot.
3. Three strands of barbed wire, spaced 6” apart, must
be installed on the supporting arms.
 CLEAR ZONES

1. A clear zone of 20 feet or more should exist

between the perimeter barrier and exterior
structures, parking areas and natural or man-
made features.

2. A clear zone of 50 feet or more should exist

between the perimeter barrier and structures within
the protected areas except when a building wall
constitutes part of the perimeter barrier.
CLEAR ZONES
 TYPES OF PROTECTIVE ALARM
SYSTEM
a. Local Alarms Systems –
protective circuits active
a visual or audible signal
in the immediate
vicinity of the protected
object or area.
b. Auxiliary System – this
system is one in which the
installation-owned system is a
direct extension of the
police and / or fire alarm
system (regarded as the least
effective system).
c. Central Station System – transmit alarms to a
central station outside the installation from
which appropriate action is taken such as
notifying the police of fire dept.

d. Proprietary System – similar to a central

station system except it is owned by and
located on the installation, and response to
alarms is by the on-site security or fire
fighting staff.
There are three basic elements to an IDS:
a. Sensor or trigger (detector)
b. Circuit which transmit the change of condition
c. The signalling device, called the Annunciator

The function of alarms system are to:

a. Detect fire or intrusion;
b. Emergency notification; and
c. Monitoring equipment or facility conditions.

Between 95- 98% of all alarm activations are said to be false.

The most common causes of false alarms are;
a. user negligence;
b. poor installation or servicing; and
c. faulty equipment
 PURPOSES OF PROTECTIVE
ALARM SYSTEM

1. To economize.

2. To substitute in place of other security

measures.

3. To supplement by providing additional

controls.
BUILDING EXTERIORS
(2nd Line of Defense)
1. Wall
2. Doors
3. Windows
4. Roof Openings
5. Fire Escapes
 INTERIOR CONTROLS
(3rd Line of Defense)
1. ID System
2. Entry
3. Exit
4. Restricted Area
5. Alarm Sensors
6. Communication Systems
a. Local Tel Exchange d. Call Boxes
b. Two-way Radio e. Intercommunications
c. Commercial Tel Svc f. Paging & Recall
Systems
7. Guards
TRAFFIC CONTROL

1. Traffic controls include the following

a. Identification of employees and visitors

b. Directing Movement of Employees and visitors
c. Package control
d. Control of commercial and private vehicles
2. All visitors to the site must be:

a. Made to identify themselves

b. Be limited to predetermined unrestricted areas
c. The most effective method is by ID badges and cards
3. Identification badges should be:

a. Tamper resistant
b. Bear a clear and recent photograph of the holder (at
least 1” sq and updated every 2-3 years or when facial
appearance change.)
c. It must contain personal details such as:
I. DoB
ii. Height
iii. Weight
iv Color of hair and eyes
v Sex
vi Both thumbprints
 d. Should be laminated and or sturdy construction
e. Color coded where necessary
f. Signed by the holder
g. The design should be simple to allow for easy
recognition at a distance
3.1 A badge system can only be effective if enforced.
3.2 A package control policy should be in place covering
both receipts and dispatches, and widely published.
3.3 Incoming packages should be in inspected; in most
cases a spot check is sufficient.
3.4 Where practical vehicle parking areas should be away
from the facility, and protected from intruders.
3.5 Employees and visitors when leaving the site should
pass a check and control point manned by security.
DOGS AND ASSET PROTECTION (K9)
1. Basic Instincts

a. Hunting, attack without fear

b. Pack, sees human as a member of his pack and
will protect him
2. Primary Value

a. Sensor mechanism, 100X better than man

b. Hearing 2x that of man
3. Secondary Value
a. Attack/Pursue, attack/hold
4. Dog’s Senses

a. Smell
b. Hearing
c. Sight
d. Touch

5. Deployment

a. Without Handlers
b. With handlers
 PROTECTIVE LIGHTING
MAIN PURPOSES:

- To create a psychological deterrent

to intrusion,
- To enable detection

4 TYPES:
* Continuous
* Standby
* Movable
* Emergency
FACTORS INVOLVED IN DETERMINING THE NEED
FOR PROTECTIVE LIGHTING IN ANY PLANT

1) Size, shape, character of the plant and

type of products
2) Location of plant
3. Protective advantage of night lighting
4. Management policy
 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
PROTECTIVE LIGHTING

1. It is relatively inexpensive to maintain.

2. It will probably reduce need for security

forces

3. It may provide personal protection for

security forces by reducing the element of
surprise by the intruder

4. It requires less intensity than working light.

 PROPRIETARY GUARDS
ADVANTAGES
1. Generally of higher caliber as they
receive higher wages;
2. Generally, they provide better service;
3. Can be trained to handle some of the
more complex security duties;
4. Less turnover;
5. Are more familiar with facilities they
protect;
6. Tend to be more loyal to the company.
 PROPRIETARY GUARDS

DISADVANTAGES

1. Costs more

2. May be required to join a guard union

3. Problem of ensuring availability of back- up

personnel
 CONTRACT GUARDS
ADVANTAGES
1. Less expensive
2. Use is convenient
3. Administrative and personnel problems less
4. User is relieved of payroll-related responsibilities
5. Contractor assumes full responsibility for
scheduling and supervising all guard personnel
6. Is able to obtain extra guards when needed
Security firm (agency) usually accepts liability in
civil suits
 CONTRACT GUARDS
DISADVANTAGES

1. Lack of training

2. Low-caliber employee

3. No loyalty to company (client)

4. Project poor image

5. Large turnover

6. Not familiar with client’s premises