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  • 2.3 Enzymes Regulation

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    Iqbal APG
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    The document discusses different mechanisms for regulating enzyme activity, including allostery, regulatory subunits, covalent modification like phosphorylation, regulation of enzyme stability through ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome, and limited proteolysis where a regulatory domain is cleaved from an enzyme to activate it. Specific examples are provided for each type of regulation, such as how ATP and CTP can allosterically regulate the enzyme ATCase, and how phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase by phosphorylase kinase increases glycogen breakdown in response to adrenaline.

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    The document discusses different mechanisms for regulating enzyme activity, including allostery, regulatory subunits, covalent modification like phosphorylation, regulation of enzyme stability through ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome, and limited proteolysis where a regulatory domain is cleaved from an enzyme to activate it. Specific examples are provided for each type of regulation, such as how ATP and CTP can allosterically regulate the enzyme ATCase, and how phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase by phosphorylase kinase increases glycogen breakdown in response to adrenaline.

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    10 views17 pages

    2.3 Enzymes Regulation

    Uploaded by

    Iqbal APG
    The document discusses different mechanisms for regulating enzyme activity, including allostery, regulatory subunits, covalent modification like phosphorylation, regulation of enzyme stability through ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome, and limited proteolysis where a regulatory domain is cleaved from an enzyme to activate it. Specific examples are provided for each type of regulation, such as how ATP and CTP can allosterically regulate the enzyme ATCase, and how phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase by phosphorylase kinase increases glycogen breakdown in response to adrenaline.

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    of 17

    CHMI 2227E

    Biochemistry I
    Enzymes:
    - Regulation

    CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D. 1


    Regulation of enzyme activity

    CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D. 2


    Regulation of enzyme activity
    1. Allostery

    CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D. 3


    Regulation of enzyme activity
    1. Allostery

    ATCase

    Carbomoyl Asp
    phosphate

    CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D. 4


    Regulation of enzyme activity
    1. Allostery - ATCase

    CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D. 5


    Regulation of enzyme activity
    1. Allostery - ATCase

    CTP
    ATCase

    CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D. 6


    Regulation of enzyme activity
    2. Regulatory subunits

    ATP

    Adenylate
    Cyclase

    Phosphodiesterase
    cAMP

    cAMP
    Caffeine

    AMP

    CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D. 7


    Regulation of enzyme activity
    3. Regulation by covalent modification

    CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D. 8


    Regulation of enzyme activity
    3. Regulation by phosphorylation

    CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D. 9


    Regulation of enzyme activity
    3. Phosphorylation  Adrenaline
    Adrenaline receptor Adenylate cyclase

    Adrenaline
    Outside the cell

        Inside the cell


    G Protein 
     
    ATP
    Glycogen cAMP
    (glucose stores) Protein Kinase A
    Phosphorylase (inactive)
    Glycogen kinase
    Phosphorylase-PO4
    ntracellular glucose PKA-cAMP
    (active)
    ↑Energy
    Phosphorylase
    Kinase-PO4
    Glycogen
    Run Like Hell! Phosphorylase
    CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D. 10
    Regulation of enzyme activity
    4. Regulation of enzyme stability

    CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D. 11


    Regulation of enzyme activity
    4. Regulation of enzyme stability
    Ub

    E1
    Ub

    Enzyme
    E1
    E2
    Ub

    E2

    E3
    Ub
    E3

    Enzyme
    Ub
    Ub
    Ub
    Ub

    CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D. 12


    Regulation of enzyme activity
    4. Regulation of enzyme stability
    Ub
    Ub
    Enzyme
    Ub Ub
    Ub
    Ub
    Ub
    Ub

    Proteasome

    Degraded
    enzyme

    CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D. 13


    Regulation of enzyme activity
    5. Limited proteolysis

    CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D. 14


    Regulation of enzyme activity
    5. Limited proteolysis

    CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D. 15


    Regulation of enzyme activity
    5. Limited proteolysis
    Small intestine

    Secreted by
    pancreas

    CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D. 16


    Regulation of enzyme activity
    5. Limited proteolysis

    CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D. 17

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