The Origin

of Numbers

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 Content

01 A bit of history

02 The properties of numbers

03 Sets of numbers

04 Activity

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 01
A bit of history

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When did the first numbers appear?
Since the beginning of human history, we have needed numbers to express quantities:
to count the number of animals in our care, to know how many people were in our cave,
to express a type of measure used in everyday life, etc.

The first numbers originated in prehistoric times, as bones have been found that
represent numbers with the intention of beginning to count and keep a record of the
numbers

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 The first numerical systems
Numbers are essential to assign a symbol to an object when we want to count it,
register it, know its value or measure it

That is why the different ancient societies found the need to establish a numerical
system that would be useful in their culture for the purpose of quantification

Egyptian system

First numerical systems Chinese system

Roman system

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 The Egyptian system

The Egyptian system

Example
This number system dates back to 3000 BC.

The Egyptians were great merchants, so they wanted to build their own Symbol Number
number system to record their purchases and sales. They found symbols that
they used in everyday life to represent numbers I 1

It was a decimal system, which it was based on units of 10. It was not
positional, since they did not give importance to the order in which the ⋂ 10
numbers went because each one had its own value and it was additive, since
they had to add the numerals to write a number 𓁏 1,000,000

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 The Chinese system

The Chinese system

Example
This system contains symbols that
represent numbers from 1 to 9 and Symbol Number
symbols for the tens, hundreds and
thousands. The form of writing was very 壹 1
different from the one we know today, since
they wrote vertically and read from top to 貳 2
bottom
叁 3

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 The Roman system

The Roman system

Example
This important numerical system that we still use
today to represent street numbers, books or Symbol Number
monuments, etc. used letters of the Roman alphabet
to represent numbers, which composed figures that, I 1
according to the position where each letter was
located, gave it a different value V 5

X 10

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 02
The properties
of numbers

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Cardinal numbers

Cardinal numbers are those that indicate

quantities

Example: 1 (one), 2 (two), 3(three)

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 Ordinal numbers

These are responsible for indicating the position

occupied by a number

Example: First, second, third

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 Prime numbers

Prime numbers can be divided only by themselves and 1. This means that if
we try to divide it by another number, the result will not be a whole number,
but a decimal number

Example: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11

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Composite numbers

Composite numbers have more than two factors

Example: 15 has the factors 1, 3 and 5

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 03
Sets of numbers

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 What do sets of numbers consist of?
A set of numbers consists of:

Natural numbers (N) Rational numbers (Q) Real numbers (R)

Integers (Z) Irrational numbers (I) Complex numbers (C)

∛2 ∜8 √35 √7 √2

i=√-1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

0.2 3/2 0.5896… 2/3 2/5

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 04
Activity

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Create your own numerical system
You can do this on your own or in a group

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