Cathode Ray Oscilloscope

Explored

M. B. Mali
Ph.D.-Mixed Signal Chip Design
Professor & Head - E&T/C
Sinhgad COE, Pune 41
1. Force on electron & Maxwell
2. Thomson’s experiment
3. CRT
4. CRO – Explored
5. Specifications
6. Measurements
7. Conclusion
 Gauss + Maxwell + Faraday + Ampere
For
mula Name "Microscopic" equations "Macroscopic" equations
tion

Gauss’s law
                          
                          

                                                                             
                                                                                 

Gauss’s law for magnetism

                                                                                
Same as microscopic

Integ
ral
Maxwell–Faraday equation
(Faraday’s law of induction)                                                                                                   
Same as microscopic

                                               

Ampere’s circuital law

(with Maxwell's correction)                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                                                     

Gauss's law
                                                                                                                

Gauss's law for magnetism                                                   Same as microscopic

 
Diffe Maxwell–Faraday equation
renti Same as microscopic
(Faraday's law of induction)                                                                            
al

Ampère's circuital law

(with Maxwell's correction)                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                       
2. Thomson’s Experiment

Sl
Sensitivity 
2dV
3. Cathode Ray Tube
4. CRO Explored
 Coaxial cable capacitance – Cylindrical

Shunt capacitance per unit length, in Farad/m

                                                                       
Series inductance per unit length, in Henry/m
                                                                                           
 Probe
Compensation

Active
Probe
 4. Specifications
1. Operating modes: Ch I & II Alternate or Chopped (120 KHz)
2. Vertical Deflection:
Bandwidth: DC-20 KHz (-3dB)
Risetime : 17.5 µs
Accuracy : ±3%
Input Impedance: 1 MΏ II 25 pF
Input Coupling: DC-AC-GND
Input Voltage: 400 V Max. (DC + Peak AC)
3. Timebase:
Time Coefficients: 18 Calibrated steps – 0.5 µs/cm to 0.2 s/cm
(1-2-5 sequence)
Accuracy: ±3% (in cal position)
4. Trigger System:
Modes: Automatic/Variable
Source: Channel I or II, External
Slope: Positive/Negative
Trigger Bandwidth: 40 MHz
5. Horizontal Deflection:
Bandwidth: DC-2.3 MHz (-3 dB)
Deflection Coefficients: 12 Calibrated steps 2mV/cm to 10 V/cm
(1-2-5 sequence)
6. Component Tester:
Test voltage: 8.6 Vrms Max. (Open)
Test Current: 8 mArms Max. (Short)
Test Frequency: 50 Hz, Test ckt grounded to chasis
Continuity Tester: Beeper sounds < 30 Ώ
7. General Information:
CRT: Rectangular medium short persistence
Accelerating potential: 2000 V
Display:
Trace8 10
rotation: Adjustable from front panel
Calibrator: Square wave, 1 KHz, 0.2 V ±1% for probe compensation
Z Modulation: TTL level stabilized
Power supply: All operating voltages including EHT
Mains voltage: 220-240 V switch at back
Mains fluctuation: 10% Max.
Power consumption: 33 VA
Weight: 7.5 Kg
Dimensions (mm): W285-H145-D380
Operating temperature: 0-40o
Finish: Techno brown with handle and tilt stand
 5. Measurements
1. Set – Up :
Ground check
Probe check
Dual/Mono/Component tester
Signal coupling
Alternate/Chop
Calibration

2. Frequency measurement:
Time base and phase by XY
Trigger modes
S x 1
 
T y 2
 Conclusion – Appeal to Faculty
• Teach fundamentals: e.g. Force on electron &
Maxwell for CRO.
• Good Lab-Manual
• Self Calibration
• Decide CRO based on Sects & Application
• Create interest
• Open & explain
• Self maintenance
• Give short Math – problems
• Do not buy kits; Make your own
• You can manufacture – Start Up, consultant
• If not we then who else?
 Conclusion – Appeal to Students
• Look at the shrinking sizes of gadgets; you need to
integrate more billions of transistors. Already 22 nm.
Need to know concepts.
• Your cell/laptop works at 1-3.8 GHz clock:
Microwave!
• All CAS, Chip design, Embedded boards, Networks,
Comm., RF jobs need only concepts.
• EMC of ID/PD deals with concepts of Ckt & EM.
• Career in Industry, Govt., space, aeronautics,
defense, astronomy.
• No effect of recession! (Don’t do IT jobs)
• Job satisfaction.
• Start your own.
• Respect in society.
madanbmali@gmail.com
hodetc.scoe@sinhgad.edu
mbmali.scoe@sinhgad.edu
Cell: 9822893167
 References
1. www.seekIC.com
2. www.circuitstoday.com
3. Oliver Cage, et. Al., “Electronic Measurements”, Mc Graw Hill.
4. W. D. Cooper, “Modern Electronic Instruments and Measurement Techniques”, PHI.
5. Oscilloscope manuals of Aplab, Scientech, Tektronix, etc.
6. Hayt, “Engineering Electromagnetics”, Mc Graw Hill.