Human

Reproductive
REPORTERS:
System
ANGUAY, GWYNETH ZOE
BARETE, ZHEHARA AESHA
ENOMAR, ELLA MARIE
MARIQUIT, NEIL RAFAEL
Male and Female Reproductive
Systems
MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS PAGE 03

Human reproduction employs

internal fertilization and
involves the integrated action of
the endocrine, nervous, and
reproductive systems.
MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS PAGE 04

GONADS
MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS PAGE 05

Gonads are sex

organs that produce
gametes.
MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS PAGE 06

MALE Gonads -
Testes
FEMALE Gonads -
Ovaries
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM PAGE 07

PARTS OF A
MALE
REPRODUCTIV
E SYSTEM
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM PAGE 08

The testes are located in the

scrotum which is located
outside the abdominal
activity where the
temperature is 2 °C lower.
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM PAGE 09

The testes consist of highly

coiled seminiferous tubules,
interstitial cells or Leydig
cells, blood vessels, and
extracurricular material.
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM PAGE 10

Sperm are formed in

the seminiferous
tubules in a process
called
spermatogenesis.
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM PAGE 11

Leydig cells are scattered

between the seminiferous
tubules and functon in the
production of especially the
androgen testosterone.
PAGE 12
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM PAGE 13

seminiferous tubules

epididymis
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM PAGE 14

Sperm cells from the testes

are immature, therefore,
incapable of fertilization.
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM PAGE 15

In the epididymis, sperm

become motile and gain the
ability to fertilize.
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM PAGE 16

It takes about 20 days for

the sperm to pass through
the tubules of the
epididymis into the vas
deferens.
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
PAGE 17

TAKE NOTE
The testes begin their development in the body
cavity near the kidney 2020
and only descend into the
scrotum before birth. Undescended testes will
cause sterility in a man because the sorrounding
temperature is too warm for sperm viability
unless the problem can be surgically corrected.
STRUCTU
RE OF A
SPERM
 Mature sperm or
spermatozoa
consists of three
parts – the head,
middle piece, and a
tail.
 • The head is flattened and oval in shape.
• The nucleus is enclosed in a thin membrane in
the head.
• The acrosome forms a cap at the anterior end
of the nucleus. It secretes hydrolytic enzymes
which help the head to penetrate the oocyte.
• The middle piece consists a
tightly coiled spiral sheath of
elongated mitochondria. The
mitochondria provide energy
for sperm motility.
• The tail or flagellum has the
typical ‘9 + 2’ microtubule
arrangement. It allows the sperm
to swim towards the egg.
SPERMATOGENESI
 Spermatogenesis is
the process of
sperm cell
production in the
seminiferous
tubules of the testes.
 STAGES
IN
SPERMATOGENESIS
Simple Illustration of the

process of

spermatogenesis.
 HORMONES
IN
SPERMATOGENES
GnRH – Gonadotropic Releasing Hormone

LH – Luteinizing Hormone

FSH – Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Inhibin – a hormone released from the

Sertoli cells
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) –

This hormone is released during puberty from

the hypothalamus to stimulate the anterior

pituitary gland to secrete two gonadotropic

hormones.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) – Initiates

spermatogenesis

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) – Stimulates

production of testosterone by Leydig cells.

 Inhibin – A hormone which inhibits the

secretion of FSH by the anterior pituitary

gland.
 2 MAJOR
STRUCTURAL
COMPONENTS:
• INTERSTITIAL CELL
• SEMINIFEROUS
 SEMINIFEROUS
TUBULES

INTERSTITIAL
CELL
 PARTS OF A
FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

FUNDUS OF
• located UTERUS
above the entrance of the
fallopian tubes.
• The main function of the fundus of the
uterus is to provide space for the growing
fetus during pregnancy.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

FALLOPIAN
• Conducts eggs
TUBE
• location of fertilization
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

UTERINE TUBE
• located on each side of the uterus in the
female reproductive system
• function of the uterine tubes is to
transport the egg (ovum) from the ovary
to the uterus.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

OVARY
• produce eggs and sex hormones
• The ovaries are small, oval-shaped glands
located on either side of the uterus.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

UTERINE
• located CAVITY
in the pelvis of a female's
reproductive system.
• function of the uterine cavity is to
provide a suitable environment for
implantation and gestation of a fertilized
egg.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

CERVICAL
• The CANAL
cervical canal passes through the
cervix. It allows blood from a menstrual
period and a baby (fetus) to pass from the
womb.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

INFUNDIBULUM
• closest to the ovary
• function of the infundibulum is to capture
the released egg (ovum) from the ovary
during ovulation.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

CERVIX
• Cervix is a passage that allows fluids to
flow inside and out of the uterus.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

FIMBRIAE
• located at the distal end of the fallopian
tubes, near the ovaries
• function is to capture the released egg
from the ovary during ovulation and
guide it into the fallopian tube
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

VAGINA
• Receives penis during copulation
• serves as birth canal
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

OOGENESIS
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

STRUCTURE OF THE
SECONDARY
OOCYTE
 THECAL CELL
• located in the outer layer of the follicle,
surrounding the granulosa cells.
 GRANULOSA
• CELL
located in the inner layer of the follicle,
surrounding the oocyte.
 FIRST POLAR
• BODY
function of the first polar body is to
remove excess genetic material from the
developing oocyte (egg).
 NUCLEUS
• function of the nucleus in the secondary
oocyte is to store and protect the genetic
information necessary for fertilization
and embryonic development.
 ZONA
• serves PELLUCIDA
as a protective barrier and
facilitates the interaction between the
oocyte and sperm during fertilization.
 OOCYTE
• function of the oocyte is to participate in
fertilization, which is the fusion of the
oocyte with a sperm cell.
 CORONA
• corona RADIATA
radiata is a layer of cells that
surrounds the oocyte
 ANTRUM
• function of the antrum is to provide a
suitable environment for the maturation
and development of the oocyte