bond

formation
I O N I C A N D C O VA L E N T
01
BOND
FORMATION
What is Bond formation?
Bond formation is the bond
between two or more
atoms, molecules, or ions
to give rise to a chemical
compound.
 Chemical bond has a lot of
different types. The two most
basic types of bonds are the
Ionic and Covalent bonds.
02
IONIC
BOND
FORMATI
 Ionic bonding is the bond between
metals and nonmetals. A type of
bond that generates two oppositely
charged ions, positively charged ion
(metals) and negatively charged ion
(nonmetals).
EXAMPLE
3 WAYS YOU CAN ILLUSTRATE HOW AN IONIC BOND
IS FORMED:
A) ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
Let's watch a video about
electron configuration!
 B) ORBITAL
NOTATION
The orbital diagram represents the
arrangement of electrons in the
different orbitals of an atom, it uses an
arrow to represent the electrons, every
orbital(one box) contains a maximum
of 2 electrons.
EXAMPLE
 ORBITAL NOTATION
RULES
There are three rules followed for constructing the orbital diagram. The three rules are – (a).
Aufbau’s rule (b). Hund’s rule (c). Pauli Exclusion rule.

AUFBAU'S HUND'S RULE PAULI EXCLUSION

PRINCIPLE
This rule state that The
lowest energy orbitals are
filled before the higher
energy orbitals.
This rule state that each
orbital gets one electron
first, before adding the
second electron to the orbital
RULE
This rule state that One
electron must be spin up (↑)
and the other one must be
spin down (↓)”.
ORBITAL NOTATION RULES
 HOW TO DRAW AN
ORBITAL
DIAGRAM/NOTATION
• Find the number of electrons in an atom.
• Write the electron configuration for an atom to
determine which orbitals should be filled.
• Fill the electrons in empty boxes using three
principles – Aufbau, Hund’s, and Pauli
Exclusion.
C) LEWIS ELECTRON DOT
STRUCTURE
Let's watch a video about
lewis electron dot structure!
03
C O VA L E N T
BOND
F O R M AT I O N
 • Covalent compounds
-combinations two non-metals. Formed by the sharing of
electrons between two atoms with identical or relatively close
electronegativity values.
 TWO TYPES OF COVALENT
Bond Type
BOND TYPE:
Electronegativity value

Polar Covalent Bond 0.5 to 1.9

Non-Polar Covalent 0 to 0.4

Bond
3 TYPES OF COVALENT BOND:
•SINGLE
• BOND
formed when only one pair of
the electron is shared between
the two participating atoms.
Represented by one dash (-).
FOR EXAMPLE, HCL MOLECULE HAS ONE HYDROGEN
ATOM WITH ONE VALENCE ELECTRON AND ONE
CHLORINE ATOM WITH SEVEN VALENCE ELECTRONS. IN
THE CASE, A SINGLE BOND IS FORMED BETWEEN
HYDROGEN AND CHLORINE BY SHARING ONE
ELECTRON.
 DOUBLE
• A BOND
DOUBLE BOND IS FORMED WHEN TWO
PAIRS OF ELECTRONS ARE SHARED
BETWEEN THE TWO PARTICIPATING
ATOMS. IT IS REPRESENTED BY TWO
DASHES.
For example, Carbon Dioxide CO2 molecule has one
Carbon atom with 4 valence electrons and two Oxygen
atoms with 6 valence electrons.

Each Oxygen atom shares its 2 electrons with Carbon

and therefore there 2 double bonds in CO2.
 TRIPLE BOND
• Formed when 3 pairs of
electrons are shared between
the 2 participating atoms.
Represented by 3 dashes.
For example, in the formation of a nitrogen molecule,
each nitrogen atoms having 5 valence electrons provides
three electrons to form three electron pairs for sharing.
Thus, a triple bond is formed between the 2 nitrogen
atoms.
THANK
YOU!
Any questions? Please hesitate to
ask!

Made By: Group 3

 Quiz
time :)
1-2. State the difference between ionic
and covalent bond
3. The bond between two or more atoms, molecules,
or ions to give rise to a chemical compound.

A. Bond Formation B. Chemical bonding

C. Chemical bond C. Covalent bond

 4. The bond between two atoms

A. Bond Formation B. Chemical bonding

C. Chemical bond C. Covalent bond

4. This rule state that the lower energy orbital will be
filled before the higher energy orbital, for example –
the 1s orbital will fill before the 2s orbital.

A. Aufbao's Principle B. Hund's Rule

C. Hind's Rule C. Paull Exclusion Rule