Views on Following topic

What are details of Biden administration’s Sweden deal

with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan?
Why the deal was needed?

Who needed it?

Who won what?

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 Sequence of Presentation
 NATO
 Russian Stance
 The accession of Finland
 Sweden & Turkey Relation
 Sweden Deal (Why the deal was needed? Who needed it?)
 Why Turkey changed its stance (on Sweden’s NATO membership)
 Who Won?
 Russia response on Sweden deal

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 NATO (The North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
NATO was created by 12 countries from Europe and North America
on 4 April 1949 against USSR.
If a new country particularly from Europe or more precisely a
Scandinavian country which happens to share boarder with Russia,
wants to join NATO. Any NATO member can object and block entry
of a new country into NATO as per their Charter.
At present, NATO has 31 member countries. These countries, called
NATO Allies, are sovereign states that come together through NATO
to discuss political and security issues and make collective decisions
by consensus.
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NATO Countries in 2023

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 List of NATO Countries
1. ALBANIA (2009)
2. GERMANY (1955)
3. GREECE (1952)
4. HUNGARY (1999)
5. ICELAND (1949)
6. ITALY (1949)
7. LATVIA (2004)
8. LITHUANIA (2004)
9. LUXEMBOURG (1949)
10.MONTENEGRO (2017)
11.NETHERLANDS (1949)
12.NORTH MACEDONIA (2020)
13.NORWAY (1949)
14.FRANCE (1949)
15.POLAND (1999)
16.PORTUGAL (1949)
17.ROMANIA (2004)
18.SLOVAKIA (2004)
19.SLOVENIA (2004)
20.SPAIN (1982)
21.TÜRKIYE (1952)
22.UNITED KINGDOM (1949)
23.UNITED STATES (1949)
24.BELGIUM (1949)
25.BULGARIA (2004)
26.CANADA (1949)
27.CROATIA (2009)
28.CZECHIA (1999)
29.DENMARK (1949)
30.ESTONIA (2004)
31.FINLAND (2023)
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 Russian Stance

Former Soviet Union and present day Russia has a stern State
policy to stop its neighbors joining NATO even if Russia has to go
in a war with them. Ukraine conflict is a typical example of
Russia’s zero tolerance on this particular stance.

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Europe in 1990

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Europe in 2022

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why the Russia-NATO confrontation will continue even with a Ukraine ceasefire

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 The accession of Finland
‒ In the aftermath of Ukraine crises and NATO unsuccessful
attempts to expel Russia out of Ukraine, Finland was admitted
into NATO in April 2023.
‒ What is the impact of Finland joining NATO?
 Finland shares a 832 mile border with Russia. Adding Finland to NATO
will more than double the size of NATO's border with Russia; and it will
double security on the border.
‒ but Sweden's accession has been blocked by Turkey, one of
NATO's 31 members, ostensibly because the Nordic country
harbours Kurdish separatists.

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 Sweden & Turkey Relations
Turkey and Sweden have had a long history of tension, dating back to
the Ottoman Empire. In recent years, the tension between the two
countries has increased due to a number of factors, including:
‒ Kurdish Issue.
‒ Sweden's arms embargo on Turkey.
‒ Recognition of Armenian Genocide.
‒ Asylum for Dissidents.
‒ Human Rights Criticism.
‒ S-400 Missile System.

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Sweden Deal (Why the deal was needed? Who needed it? )
‒ U.S needs this deal to secure the security and other interest of
their ally. To extend the military block.
‒ To become only superpower. To achieve this, only by destabilizing
RUSSIA.
‒ The US-led alliance has a collective defense pact, meaning an
attack on one member is considered an attack on all.
‒ Sweden's membership would make the entire Baltic coastline
NATO territory, make the Baltic states easier to defend in the
event of a Russian attack.

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Sweden Deal (Continued)
‒ On July 9th President Joe Biden told his Turkish counterpart,
Recep Tayyip Erdogan, that he hopes to see Sweden join NATO “as
soon as possible”.
‒ Turkey approved Sweden's bid to join the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization, paving the way for the alliance to complete a
historic expansion launched in response to Russia's invasion of
Ukraine.

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Why Turkey changed its stance (on Sweden’s NATO membership)
‒ The Turkish president wanted Turkey’s stalled application to join
the EU to be included in the package.
‒ First pave the way for Turkey in the European Union and then
Turkey will pave the way for Sweden just as did for Finland.
‒ The sale of F-16 fighter jets: Turkey has been seeking to purchase
F-16 fighter jets from the United States for several years. The
Biden administration has indicated that it is willing to sell the jets
to Turkey, on the condition they are not used to threaten Greece.

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 Why Turkey changed its stance (Continued)
‒ The lifting of sanctions: Turkey was sanctioned by the United
States in 2019 in response to its military offensive in northern
Syria. The Biden administration has indicated that it is willing to
lift the sanctions if Turkey lifts its veto on Sweden joining NATO.
‒ The promise of closer cooperation: The United States has
promised to work more closely with Turkey on a number of
issues, including counterterrorism and regional security.

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 Why Turkey changed its stance (Continued)
‒ Sweden says it has cracked down on the activities of people
connected to the Kurdistan Workers' Party, or PKK, which has
waged a 39-year insurgency in Turkey.
‒ Sweden said it would also work against the Syrian wing of the
PKK, known as the YPG.
‒ Lift arms embargoes on Turkey.
‒ Increase cooperation on counterterrorism.
‒ Support expanding the E.U's free-trade arrangement with
Turkey.

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 Who won?
‒ Mixed reactions from people & think tanks. praised the deal,
positive step for NATO and would help to deter Russia.
‒ Others criticized the deal, saying that Sweden and Finland had
made too many concessions to Turkey.
‒ It is difficult to say definitively who "won" the deal. Both sides
made concessions, and both sides will benefit from the deal.
‒ It remains to be seen how the deal will be implemented and what
its long-term impact will be. However, it is clear that the deal has
significant implications for Sweden, Turkey, and the United States.

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 Russia response on Sweden Deal
‒ The Russian foreign minister said Moscow knows the steps to be
taken to ensure its security in response to Finland and Sweden
joining NATO.
‒ Russia astonished with the pace of Finland and Sweden's decision
to abandon their neutral status and its advantages, which,
included independence, good reputation, authority and beneficial
trade and economic relations with Russia.
‒ Vladimir Putin has issued fresh warnings that Russia would
respond if NATO set up military infrastructure in Finland and
Sweden after they joined the US-led alliance.
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Russia response on Sweden Deal (Cont.)
‒ Russia argued that Finland and Sweden sacrificed their national
interests to join the fight against Russia such that it cannot
challenge the US-promoted idea of Western hegemony "for all
eternity.“
‒ Russia could not rule out that tensions would emerge in
Moscow’s relations with Helsinki and Stockholm over their
joining NATO.

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