OVERVIEW OF...

PHILIPPINE
LITERATURE
ALVIN V. OBNIALA, LPT, MAEd

AUGUST 3, 2023 TED 202 10:00-12:00NN

LITERARY PERIODS
• Pre-Spanish Period
• Spanish Period
• Period of Enlightenment – Nationalism
• Period of Active Revolution
• American Regime
• Japanese Occupation
• Rebirth of Freedom
• Period of Activism
• New Society

OVERVIEW ON... Philippine Literature

 PRE-SPANISH PERIOD
Own literature that reflects our own race.
Shows our customs and traditions in life.
Own alphabet known as Baybayin
Records were written on leaves and bamboo
cylinder, bark of trees and caves.
Prominent writings were Legends, Folktales,
Epics, Folk songs, Riddles, Chants, proverbs and
Sayings.
 SPANISH PERIOD
Baybayin was replaced by the Roman Alphabet
Teachings of the Christian Doctrine became the
basis of religious practices.
Spanish language gave many of its words to our
language.
European legends and traditions were
assimilated in our songs.
Periodicals gained a religious tone.
 SPANISH PERIOD – First Books
Doctrina Christiana
 first book printed in the Philppines in 1593.
Barlaan at Josephat
 first Tagalog novel published in the Philippines
Pasion  Life and sufferings of Christ
Urbana at Felisa  book by Modesto de Castro.
Letters between two sisters dealing with good
behavior.
Vocabulario Dela Lengua Tagala – First Tagalog
dictionary
Recreational Plays
 PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT
Filipinos demanded changes in the government and
in the Church.
Propaganda Movement
  the first Filipino nationalist movement, led by a
Filipino elite and inspired by the protonationalist activism
of figures such as José Burgos and by his execution at
the hands of colonial authorities.
 Propaganda leaders were Jose Rizal, Marcelo H.
del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena.
 Pen Names
Jose Rizal – Laong Laan, Dimasalang
Marcelo H. del Pilar – Plaridel, Pupdoh, Piping
Dilat and Dolores Manapat
Graciano Lopez Jaena – Diego Laura
Antonio Luna – Taga - Ilog
Mariano Ponce – Kalipulaku, Naning, Tikbalang
Pedro Paterno – Justo Desiderio Magalang
PERIOD OF ACTIVE REVOLUTION
 Reforms demanded by the propagandists
were not given attention.
 No other way except to revolt
Andres Bonifacio
 leader of the revolution
 Father of Filipino Democracy, Father of
Katipunan
 Pag-ibig sa Tinubuan Lupa
PERIOD OF ACTIVE REVOLUTION
Emilio Jacinto
 Brains of the Katipunan
 Kartilya ng Katipunan
 Liwanag at Dilim
Apolinario Mabini
 Sublime Paralytic
 Brains of the Revolution
Jose Palma – wrote the lyrics of the Philippine
National Althem
 AMERICAN REGIME
 Literature had the theme of nationalism but was
stopped due to suppression done by the
Americans.
 English became the medium of literary pieces.
Severino Reyes – Father of Tagalog Drama
Pedro Bukaneg – Father of Ilocano Literature
Claro Caluya – Prince of Ilocano Poets
Leon Pichay – best bukanegero
Dead Stars – Paz Marquez Benitez
 JAPANESE OCCUPATION
 Newspaper in English were stopped.
 Movie houses showing American films were
closed.
 Haiku and Tanaga Flourished
Haiku
 A Japanese poem of 17 syllables in three lines
of 5-7-5 syllables
Tanaga
 Philippine equivalent of haiku.
 REBIRTH OF FREEDOM
 1945 – Americans Returned
 Proliferation of newspapers: Philippine Free
Press, Morning Sun, Manila Times, Philippine
Herald, Chronicle, Bulletin
Palanca Awards
 established in 1950 to inspire and recognize
Philippine Writers
 Kwento ni Mabuti – Genoveva Edroza Matute
 PERIOD OF ACTIVISM
 The youth moved to seek reforms because of the
ills of the society
 Martial Law
 Writings were rebellious
 Placards in red bearing the sign MAKIBAKA.
 Period of terror and wrath
 NEW SOCIETY
 Age of Ninoy Aquino’s martyrdom
 EDSA people power
 Rebirth of newspapers and books
 Songs: Handog ng Pilipino sa Mundo, Bayan Ko