TOPIC 4:

Identifying Alternations, Morphophonemics & Neutralization

NEUTRALIZATION
Discussant: J e n i f f e r P. M a g d a l e n a
 What is Neutralization?

Neutralization is a term which refers to

phonological rules that devastate the difference
between two phonemes in specific conditions;
thus, two distinct phonemes might be
acknowledged phonetically by a similar phone.
( V.Fromkin 2003: 588 ).
 What is Neutralization?

Neutralization is the situation where

two phonemes, under certain
circumstances, share an allophone(S.
Nathan 1984:126).
 What is Neutralization?

Neutralization is a term utilized as a part of

phonology to portray what happens when the
refinement between two phonemes is lost in a
specific situation.(D. Crystal (2003:312).
Patterns of Neutralization

1 Neutralization of Phonemes

2 Neutralization of Clusters
 1
Neutralization of Phonemes
Neutralization of
Phonemes
 refers to the reduction or loss of phonemic distinctions in certain contexts
or speech situations.

bad and bat

 The words “hat” , “hot”, and “hut” have three vowel phonemes.
Neutralization of
Phonemes
 refers to the reduction or loss of phonemic distinctions in certain contexts
or speech situations.

bad and bat

 neutralization of voiced/unvoiced distinction in final position in many
languages

bad and bat

 Neutralization of Phonemes

alveolar tap/flap

/ t , d /: [ ſ ]
neutralization
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa/ t , d /: [ ſ ] neutralization

In some English dialects / t / and / d / are both articulated as voiced flaps between
vowels as in " writer and rider"
 2
Neutralization of Clusters
Neutralization of
Cluster
 refers to the phenomenon in which a distinction between two or more
consonant cluster is lost or “neutralized” in a particular linguistic
environment.
bad and bat

 example the plural suffix“-s” can cause neutralization of the voicing

contrast in clusters like /p/ and /b/ in words like “cups” [k˄ps] and “cubs”
[c˄bz]
 Neutralization of Clusters

/ s / Plus Plosives / p, t, k / “spill”, “still”, “skill”,

b,d,g instead of p,t,k.

When /p.t.k/ follow an initial /s/, they are realized with no aspiration even when
stressed. Thus, in the case of such b,d,gwords
instead ofas spin, steam, scum, we have three
p,t,k.
plosive phonemes which lack the aspiration often characteristic of /p,t,k/, but
which do not have the voice which sometimes accompanies /b,d,g/. Since /p,t,k/
are never opposed to /b,d,g/ following /s/ in this position, the words might,
therefore, be transcribed phonemically either as /spın , sti:m, skΛm / or as / sbın ,
sdi:m, sgΛm / without ambiguity (Gimson, 1980:53).
THANKS!
Best Regards!
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