CEREBELLU

M
 INTRODUCTION
 Largest part of Hindbrain
 Lies in the Posterior Cranial Fossa
 Covered by Tentorium Cerebelli
 Separeated from brainstem by 4th ventricle
 Connections to

1) Medulla – through ICP

2) Pons – through MCP
3) Midbrain – through SCP
 EXTERNAL FEATURES
 Shape & Form
- Oval,Flat
- More transeverse than anteroposterior in length
 Weight – 150 gms
 Parts

1) Cerebellar Hemispheres –Lateral Parts

2) Vermis – narrow median portion joining two
hemispheres
 EXTERNAL FEATURES
 Surfaces –
1) Superior cerebellar surface & Superior Vermis
2) Inferior cerebellar surface & Inferior Vermis
3) Valleculla –Sulcus Vallecula
4) Cerebellar notches –Anterior & Posterior
 EXTERNAL FEATURES
 Fissures & Sulci
-Many ,gives leaf like appearance (Folia)
1. Fissura Prima – “V” shaped
• At the junction of anterior 2/3rd & posterior
1/3rd of Vermis
• Separates anterior lobe from middle lobe

2. Posterolateral Fissure –Separates

Flocculonodular Lobe from rest of cerebellum
3. Horizontal fissure – at the junction between
superior & inferior surfaces
MORPHOLOGICAL DIVISIONS
1. Archicerebellum
 Phylogenetically oldest part
 Lingula & flocculonodular lobe
 Nucleus Fastigeus
 Vestibular connections
 Maintenance of Equilibrium
MORPHOLOGICAL DIVISIONS
2. Paleocerebellim (Anterior Lobe)
 Phylogenetically recently developed
 Central Lobule,Culmen,Pyramid, Uvula,
Alae,Quadrangular Lobes
 Nucleus interpositus made up of nucleus
globosus & emboliformis
 Spatial Connections
 Control of Crude limb Movements
MORPHOLOGICAL DIVISIONS
3. Neocerebellum –
 Phylogenetically Latest to Develop
 Whole posterior lobe Except Pyramid & Uvula
 Nucleus Dentatus
 Connections with cerebral cortex through pons
 Performance of highly skilled precision
movements
INTRACREBELLAR NUCLEI
 INTRACREBELLAR NUCLEI
I. DENTATE NUCLEUS
 Most prominent & Largest
 Part of Neocerebellum
 Crumpled Bag Appearance with hilum facing
medially
 Through hilum - efferent fibers - forms most of SCP
 These include dentatorubral & dentatothalamic fibers
that relay in red nucleus & VLN of thalamus which
project on to spinal cord & cerebral cortex
 INTRACREBELLAR NUCLEI
II. EMBOLIFORM NUCLEUS
 Nucleus of Paleocerebellum
 Dentate nucleus lies medial to it covering the
hilum of emboliform nucleus
 Receives afferents from dentate nucleus
 Gives fibers to red nucleus through superior
cerebellar peduncle
 Red nucleus projects into spinal cord as
rubrospinal tract facilitating flexor muscle tone
 INTRACREBELLAR NUCLEI
III.GLOBOSE NUCLEUS
 Nucleus of Paleocerebellum
 Round shaped nucleus
 Lies between Emboliform & Fastigeal
Nucleus
 Same connections as emboliform nucleus
 INTRACREBELLAR NUCLEI
IV. FASTIGEAL NUCLEUS
 Near midline vermis, close to roof 4th ventricle
 Smaller than dentate but larger than emboliform
nucleus
 Part of Archicerebellum
 Afferents from flocculonodular lobe
 Effrents to vestibular & reticlar nuclei
 Influences extensor muscle tone
 STRUCTURE OF CEREBELLAR
CORTEX
I. Outer Molecular (Plexiform) layer
- Numerous dendritic arborizations of purkinje
Cells & fewer nerve cells of Two types
a) Basket Cells-less cytoplasm & extensive
Processes
b) Stellate Cells – Short processes , nearer to
surface
 STRUCTURE OF CEREBELLAR
CORTEX
II. Intermediate Purkinje Cell Layer
- Single row of large flask shaped Purkinje
cells
- Axons constitute sole output & exert
inhibitory influence on intracerebllar nuclei
III. Inner Granular Layer
- Granule cells & Golgi cells
 STRUCTURE OF CEREBELLAR
CORTEX
 Two Types of Fibers - Mainly through ICP &
MCP
 Climbing Fibers

–from Inferior Olivary Nucleus

-Each fiber gives collateral to intracerebellar
nuclei & makes monosynaptic contact with
Purkinje cells
 STRUCTURE OF CEREBELLAR
CORTEX
 Mossy Fibers –
- form the bulk of afferents
- ends by forming 30 to 40 terminal called
‘rossetes’
-Rossetes form cerebellar glomerulus with
dendrite of granule cells & axons of Golgi cells
- Glomerulus is surrounded by capsule & appears
ovoid or spherical
 CONNECTIONS OF CERBELLUM
 AFFERENT FIBERS
 From Cerebral Cortex- through

- Cortiocpontocerebellar
- Cortico-olivo-cerebellar
- Cortico-reticulo-cerebellar pathways
 From Spinal Cord –

- Subconscious propioception through anterior &

Posterior spinocerebellar and cuneocerebellar tracts
 From Vestibular Apparatus

- Afferents pass to cerebellum directly or after relay in

vestibular nuclei
 CONNECTIONS OF CERBELLUM

 EFFERENT FIBERS
 Pass to red nucleus ,thalamus, vestibular
complex & reticular formation
 Efferents from dentate, emboliform and
globose nuclei pass through SCP
 Efferents from fastigeal nucleus passes
through ICP
INTRINSIC CIRCIUTORY IN THE
CEREBELLUM
 Inferior Cerebellar peduncle
 Afferents-
 Posterior spinocerebellar from
ipsilateral Clarke’s Column
 Olivo & Par-olivocerebellar from
contralateral olivary (SON; ION;
medial & dorsal)
 Cuneocerebellar from ipsilateral
accessory cuneate nucleus
 Anterior & Posterior Arcuate
Fibers
 Vestibulocerebellar
 Reticulocerebellar
 Efferents-
 Cerebellovestibular from
ipsilateral flocculonodular
lobe & fastigeal nuclei of
both sides
 Cerebelloreticular from
bilateral fastigeal nuclei
 Cerebello-olivary of
uncertain origin to ION
 Middle Cerebellar Peduncle
 Afferents-  Efferents-
 Ponto cerebellar from  NO EFFERNTS
pontine nuclei crossing
midlinetranversely &
entering opposite
neocerebellum
 Reticulocerebellar from
ipsilateral reticular
formation to vermal region
 Seratogenic fibers from
raphe nuclei of PONS
 Superior Cerebellar Peduncles
 Afferents-
 Anterior spinocerebellar Tract
 Tectocerebellar from tectum
of midbrain
 Trigeminocerebellar from
Superior sensory & spinal
nucleus of 5th nerve
 Cerulocerebellar from Locus
Ceruleus
 Hypothalamocerebellar from
hypothalamus
 Efferents-
 Cerebellorubral from globose
& emboliform nuclei to
contralateral red nucleus
 Dentatorubral from dentate
nucleus to contralateral red
nucleus & then to Thalamus
 Cerebello-olivary from dentate
nucleus to opposite ION
 Cerebelloreticular from
fastigeus nucleus to reticular
nuclei
Comparator Function of Cerebellum
 Key role in performance of smoth & co-ordinated
movements
 Motor cortex to LMN of Anterior horn to initiate
movements also motor cortex to cerebellum
 Cerebellum gets propioception from muscles & joints
 It compares intended movement with actual one occuring
; detects defference
 Sends signal to correct to motor cortex & LMN
 Hence smooth co-ordinated movements
 Role in learning motor skills
 Blood Supply
1. Superior Cerebellar artery from Basilar artery
to the superior surface
2. Anterior Inferior Cerebellar artery from
Basilar artery to anterior part of inferior
surface
3. Posterior Inferior cerebellar artery from
vertebral artery to posterior part of inferior
surface
 Archicerebellum Lesion
• Truncal Ataxia & Staggering gait
• Nystagmus
• Rhomberg’s Sign
 Paleocerebellum Lesions
• Hypotonia
• Flail joints
• Disturbances of tendon reflexes (Pendular
Knee jerk)
• Ataxia
 Neocerebellum Lesion
• Asynergia
• Dysmetria (past pointing)
• Intention Tremors on Movements
• Dysdiadokokinesia
• Dysarthria or Scanning speech
• Rebound phenomenon
 Cerebellar Dysfunction  Basal Ganglia Dysfunction
• Decreased Muscle tone  Increased muscle tone
• Intentional tremors  Resting tremors
Q1 Which of the following fissure separates
anterior lobe from the Posterior lobe of
cerebellum?
A. Prima
B. Horizontal
C. Posterolateral
D. Vallecula
Q2 Which of the following is NOT a part of
Archicerebellum?
A. Flocculus
B. Uvula
C. Nodule
D. Lingula
Q 3 Neocerebellum is concerned with --
A. Maintenance of Equilibrium
B. Regulation of Posture
C. Smooth coordination of skillful acts
D. Regulation of muscle tone
Q 4 All of the following are signs of the
Cerebellar lesions EXCEPT
A. Muscle Hypotonia
B. Nystagmus
C. Resting Tremors
D. Ataxia
Q 5 Identify the FALSE statement
A. Dentate nucleus appearance resembles a
crumple bag
B. Sole efferent neuron in cerebellar cortex is
Purkinje Cell
C. Middle cerebellar peducle transmits Ponto-
cerebellar fibres
D. Deepest layer of cerebellar cortex is
Molecular layer
Thank you