14 Filters

Filters

What are
examples of “
filters” in our daily
life?

What do you think it is

being used for?
= remove unwanted
components
 Frequency Selective Filters

if components are
described in
frequencies
ω
ω1 ω2

and you are able to select

WHICH frequencies you like !
 Frequency Selective Filters
| H(ω) | | H(ω) |
low-pass high-pass

Pass Stop Stop Pass

band band band band

0 ω 0 ω

| H(ω) | band-pass | H(ω) | band-stop

Stop Pass Stop Pass Stop Pass

band band band band band band

0 ω 0 ω
 Ideal Filters
Passband = range of
What do frequencies passed without
you mean attenuation.
IDEAL?? = perfect Stopband = range of
frequencies that are not
passed.

| H(ω) |

| H(ω) | = 1
Pass stop | H(ω) | = 0
band band

ω
 Ideal Filters

X
HOWEVER

ideal filters do not exist .. (in

the real world)
 Practical Filters
| H(ω) | Low pass filter

   p 1  1  H ( )  1  1
1+δ1
s   H ( )   2
1-δ1

passband stopband

δ2 transition

0 ωp ωs ω
 Analog Filters
| H(ω) | *good approximation | H(ω) |
2
*sharper cutoff
nearing 0
1 1

0.707

N= 1
N= 3
N= 5
0 ωc ω 0 1 ωs ω
Butterworth Filter Chebyshev Filter
Thank You