IB PSYCHOLOGY

TOPIC RECAP

RESEARCH
METHODS
 60 SECOND CHALLENGE

You have 60 seconds to match the

key phrases to their definition.

Match the letters on the left with the

numbers on the right
 60 SECOND CHALLENGE
Extent to which causal knowledge claims based on results of a study
A Confirmation bias can be generalized 1
Gaining a more complete understanding from a study (e.g. by
B Leading questions bias combining different research methods) 2
Unintentionally conducting a study in a way which will support one's
C Social desirability bias hypothesis 3

D Dominant respondent bias Asking participants to verify the accuracy of collected data 4

E Credibility Question wording encouraging a person to answer in a certain way 5

Defining abstract (conceptual) variables in an unambiguous way and
F Credibility checks so that they can be manipulated or measured 6
Tendency to behave in ways that generate positive impressions of
G Triangulation oneself 7

H Operationalization A participant influencing behaviour of other participants 8

Extent to which results of a study with qualitative data are
I Internal validity trustworthy 9

J External validity Degree of certainty that one variable influences another variable 10
 60 SECOND CHALLENGE
Unintentionally conducting a study in a way which will support
A Confirmation bias 3 one's hypothesis

B Leading questions bias 5 Question wording encouraging a person to answer in a certain way

Tendency to behave in ways that generate positive impressions of

C Social desirability bias 7 oneself

D Dominant respondent bias 8 A participant influencing behaviour of other participants

Extent to which results of a study with qualitative data are

E Credibility 9 trustworthy

F Credibility checks 4 Asking participants to verify the accuracy of collected data

Gaining a more complete understanding from a study (e.g. by

G Triangulation 2 combining different research methods)
Defining abstract (conceptual) variables in an unambiguous way
H Operationalization 6 and so that they can be manipulated or measured

I Internal validity 10 Degree of certainty that one variable influences another variable

Extent to which causal knowledge claims based on results of a study

J External validity 1 can be generalized
 CATEGORISE
You have 60 seconds to separate the key pieces of 1) Social desirability bias
information into these 2 categories:
2) Dominant respondent bias
Researcher biases Participant biases
3) Leading questions bias

4) Sensitivity bias

5) Confirmation bias

6) Sampling bias

7) Question order bias

8) Acquiescence bias
 CATEGORISE
Researcher biases Participant biases

6) Sampling bias 1) Social desirability bias

5) Confirmation bias 4) Sensitivity bias

3) Leading questions bias 8) Acquiescence bias

7) Question order bias 2) Dominant respondent bias

 1 CONFUSING PAIRS
Do these key phrases and definitions match up correctly?

Nobody can associate a specific person with

Anonymity
data collected from that person

Nobody except the researchers in the study

Confidentiality can associate a specific person with data
collected from that person

Confusing Pairs
 1 CONFUSING PAIRS
Do these key phrases and definitions match up correctly?

Nobody can associate a specific person with

Anonymity
data collected from that person


Nobody except the researchers in the study
Confidentiality can associate a specific person with data
collected from that person

Confusing Pairs
 2 CONFUSING PAIRS
Do these key phrases and definitions match up correctly?

Non-probability sampling People are selected on a random basis

Probability sampling People are not selected on a random basis

Confusing Pairs
 2 CONFUSING PAIRS
Do these key phrases and definitions match up correctly?

Probability sampling People are selected on a random basis


Non-probability sampling People are not selected on a random basis

Confusing Pairs
 3 CONFUSING PAIRS
Do these key phrases and definitions match up correctly?

Extent to which results of a study with

Validity
qualitative data are trustworthy

Extent to which a claim made based on results

Credibility of a study with quantitative data is well-
founded and accurate

Confusing Pairs
 3 CONFUSING PAIRS
Do these key phrases and definitions match up correctly?

Extent to which results of a study with

Credibility
qualitative data are trustworthy


Extent to which a claim made based on results
Validity of a study with quantitative data is well-
founded and accurate

Confusing Pairs
 4 CONFUSING PAIRS
Do these key phrases and definitions match up correctly?

Systematically observing people’s behaviours

Naturalistic observation in real-life settings without influencing those
people

Studying how an event which researchers

Natural experiment don't manipulate influences people's
behaviours

Confusing Pairs
 4 CONFUSING PAIRS
Do these key phrases and definitions match up correctly?

Systematically observing people’s behaviours

Naturalistic observation in real-life settings without influencing those
people

Studying how an event which researchers
Natural experiment don't manipulate influences people's
behaviours

Confusing Pairs
 5 CONFUSING PAIRS
Do these key phrases and definitions match up correctly?

Overt observation People know they are being observed

Covert observation People do not know they are being observed

Confusing Pairs
 5 CONFUSING PAIRS
Do these key phrases and definitions match up correctly?

Overt observation People know they are being observed


Covert observation People do not know they are being observed

Confusing Pairs
 6 CONFUSING PAIRS
Do these key phrases and definitions match up correctly?

If one co-variable increases, the other

Correlation coefficient of zero
decreases (or vice versa)

Negative correlation
coefficient
No linear association between two variables

Confusing Pairs
 6 CONFUSING PAIRS
Do these key phrases and definitions match up correctly?

Negative correlation If one co-variable increases, the other

coefficient decreases (or vice versa)


Correlation coefficient of zero No linear association between two variables

Confusing Pairs
 7 CONFUSING PAIRS
Do these key phrases and definitions match up correctly?

Independent variable Variable which researchers manipulate

Dependent variable Variable which researchers measure

Confusing Pairs
 7 CONFUSING PAIRS
Do these key phrases and definitions match up correctly?

Independent variable Variable which researchers manipulate


Dependent variable Variable which researchers measure

Confusing Pairs
 8 CONFUSING PAIRS
Do these key phrases and definitions match up correctly?

Random sampling A way of choosing participants for a study

A way of dividing participants in an

Random assignment
experiment into groups

Confusing Pairs
 8 CONFUSING PAIRS
Do these key phrases and definitions match up correctly?

Random sampling A way of choosing participants for a study


A way of dividing participants in an
Random assignment
experiment into groups

Confusing Pairs
 9 CONFUSING PAIRS
Do these key phrases and definitions match up correctly?

Extent to which a causal knowledge claim

External validity based on results of a study is well-founded
and accurate

Extent to which a causal knowledge claim

Internal validity based on results of a study can be generalized
outside the context of the study

Confusing Pairs
 9 CONFUSING PAIRS
Do these key phrases and definitions match up correctly?

Extent to which a causal knowledge claim

Internal validity based on results of a study is well-founded
and accurate

Extent to which a causal knowledge claim
External validity based on results of a study can be generalized
outside the context of the study

Confusing Pairs
 10 CONFUSING PAIRS
Do these key phrases and definitions match up correctly?

Systematically observing people’s behaviours

Naturalistic observation in real-life settings without influencing those
people

Researchers manipulate a variable in a real-

Field experiment
world setting

Confusing Pairs
 10 CONFUSING PAIRS
Do these key phrases and definitions match up correctly?

Systematically observing people’s behaviours

Naturalistic observation in real-life settings without influencing those
people

Field experiment
Researchers manipulate a variable in a real-
world setting

Confusing Pairs