LANDSCAPE

MUGHAL LANDSCAPE
By: Deesha khamar
Vishva ramani
Sherya rastogi
MUGHAL LANDSCAPE INTRODUCTION

• Mughal gardens are a type of garden built by the Mughals.

• This style was influenced by the Persian gardens particularly
the Charbagh structure.

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• which is intended to create a representation of an earthly utopia in which humans
co-exist in perfect harmony with all elements of nature.
HISTORY OF MUGHAL LANDSCAPE

• The development of gardening in India

started in AD 1525 when Babur, the first
Mughal King established the Mughal
dynasty in the country.

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• During the Mughal period, a new formal
garden style emerged which, was based
on the basic paradise garden design. ‘Char
Bagh’ of Persia in Central Asia from where
the Mughals came to India.

LANDSCAPE FEATURES
Pools
Fountains
Canals Inside The Gardens
VARIOUS MUGHAL LANDSCAP

AFGHANISTAN
- Bagh-e babur (KABUL)
INDIA PAKISTAN

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- Humayun's Tomb - Delhi ( Nizamuddin ) - Chauburji ( The Gate to the
- Taj Mahal – Agra Mughal Gardens )
- Lahore Fort
- Ram Bagh – Agra - Shahdara Bagh
- Mehtab Bagh – Agra - Shalimar Gardens ( Lahore )
- Hazuri Bagh
- Shalimar Gardens ( Kashmir )
- Safdarjung's Tomb
- Yadvindra Gardens- Pinjore
- Khusro Bagh , Allahabad
 CLASSIFICATION OF
MUGHAL LANDSCAPEE

RECTANGULA

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R
PEARL

LONG
CIRCULAR
BUTTERFLY

TERRACED
DESIGN CONCEPT AND PHILOSOPHY

• Mughal gardens design derives primarily from the Islamic

garden, although there are influences that come from the
Persian and Timurid gardens
• The most important feature of Mughal garden is Charbagh
system.

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• The Mughals were obsessed with symbol and incorporated it
into their gardens in many ways.

• Quranic references to paradise were in the architecture,

layout, and in the choice of plant life
• Numerological and zodiacal significances connected to family
history or cultural significance, were often used.
• The numbers eight and nine were considered auspicious by
the Mughals and were found in the terraces or in garden
architecture E,g. octagonal pools
• The design symbolizes 4 flowing rivers of Paradise and reflects
the gardens of Paradise derived from the Persian paridaeza,
meaning walled garden
• Abundance with 4 rivers flowing from a central spring or
mountain, separating the garden into north, south, east and
west.
 FEATURES

• Running water (perhaps the most important

element) and a pool to reflect the beauties of
sky and garden

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• Flowers of different species were used for
beautification of gardens, the flowers are
chosen according to their depiction and belief
of life and death
• Significant use of rectilinear layouts are
made within the walled enclosures.
• Typical features include pools, fountains and
canals inside the garden. The garden might
include a raised hillock at the center,
reminiscent of the mountain at the center of
the universe in cosmological descriptions, and
often surmounted by a pavilion or palace
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE UNDER THE MUGHALS

• The idea of these retreats was brought in from Persia.

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• The layout is rigidly conventional and axially
symmetrical.
• Fountains, pools, basins, cascades and similar devices turn the whole into
a very effective water garden.
• The aim of the design is to discipline nature and not to imitate it.
Hence, this style belongs to the school of formalists and not naturalists.
• Paved pathways and water channels follow the shapes of these
squares, with oblique or curved lines used rarely or not at all.

• Most of the principal architectural projects of the Mughal rulers were

surrounded by park-like enclosures.
MUGHAL GARDEN ATHUMAYUN’S TOMB

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MEETING POINT OF ALL THE CHANNEL

• The garden is divided into 36

squares by a grid of water channels
and paths.

PLAN • water These channels of water

also facilitates the formation of
Charbagh at Humayun's Tomb.
• Humayun's Tomb was the first
garden tomb made in India.
ELEVATION
 SCARCE VEGETATION WITH
THE HELP OF PALM TREES

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FOUNTAIN
AT THE CENTERAL AXIS

• While the main tomb took over eight years to build , it was also placed in centre of a 30 - acre (
120,000 m² ) Char Bagh Garden which was the first of its kind in the South Asia in such a scale.
• The central water channels appear to be disappearing beneath the tomb structure and
reappearing on the other side in a straight line , suggesting the Quranic verse , which talks of
rivers flowing beneath the ' Garden of 16 Paradise.
• The highly geometrical and enclosed Paradise Garden is divided into four squares by paved
walkways ( khiyabans ) and two bisecting central water channels , reflecting the four rivers that
flow in jannat , the Islamic concept of paradise .
 BAGH-E BABUR ( KABUL )

• The Bagh-e Babur garden is the final resting

place of the first Mughal Emperor, Babur.
• The garden was laid out as a series of 15 stepped
terraces on a hillside in southwest Kabul.

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• Its axis points toward Mecca. Babur’s grave is
located on the fourteenth terrace and was
originally surrounded by a screen of white
marble.

PLAN

ELEVATION
LAHORE FORT
• The fort is located in the
northern part of Lahore’s
A VIEW OF THE FORT’S old walled city.
ICONIC ALAMGIRI
GATE • The fort’s Alamgiri gate
is part of an ensemble of
buildings, Alamgiri Gate,

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it opens into Hazuri
bagh.
• Its pavilion and towers
are landmarks of Lahore
city itself.
• The pavilion, which
stands in the garden
known as the Hazuri
Bagh, was built by Sikh
Maharaja Ranjit Singh in
1818.
• The upper two storeys of
the structure were
destroyed in a lightning
strike in 1932.
SITE LAYOUT
 OTHERS EXAMPLE OF MUGHAL LANDSCAPE

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Rashtrapati Bhavan, Delhi Taj Mahal Garden Chauburji gate

Hazuri Bagh Shalimar Gardens ( Kashmir ) Yadvindra Gardens- Pinjore