Wireless Networking and

Telecommunication
 Chapter 2

Fixed Digital Telecommucations

 Contents
• Public Switched Telephone Networking (PSTN)
• Alcatel 1000 10 Commucation Center
• Integrated service Digital Network (ISDN)
• Intelligent Telecommucation Networks
 What is Digital Commutation?
• Communication is the process of two or more people or groups
exchanging information, ideas, thoughts, and feelings.
• It is a basic human activity that enables individuals to communicate
with one another and exchange ideas, feelings, and experiences.
• There is a sender, a message, and a receiver in the communication
process.
• Digital communication systems:- are communication systems that use
such a digital sequence as an interface between the source and the
channel input (and similarly between the channel output and final
destination).
 Cont’d…
• Digital communications can have a source, message exchanged and
destination.
 Cont’d…
• Placing a binary interface between source and channel.
• The source encoder converts the source output to a binary sequence
and the channel encoder (often called a modulator) processes the
binary sequence for transmission over the channel.

• The channel decoder (demodulator) recreates the incoming binary

sequence (hopefully reliably), and the source decoder recreates the
source output.
 Public Switched Telephone Networking
(PSTN)
• It is the network of the world's public circuit-switched telephone
networks, in much the same way that the Internet is the network of the
world's public IP-based packet-switched networks.

• Originally a network of fixed-line analogue telephone systems, the

PSTN is now almost entirely digital, and now includes mobile as well
as fixed telephones.
 Cont’d…
• PSTN comprises all the switched telephone networks around the world
that are operated by local, national or international carriers.
• These networks provide the infrastructure and services for public
telecommunication.
PSTN can work as:
 How does PSTN works
• Here's what the process looks like now on the PSTN:
• PSTN Process.docx
 Alcatel 1000 10 Commucation Center
• The Alcatel 1000 E10 is a modular and flexible switching system that can be used for a
variety of applications, including local exchange, transit exchange, and signal transfer
point.
• It is designed to be easy to adapt to changing network requirements, and it offers a
wide range of features and capabilities.

• The Alcatel 1000 E10 is built on a modular architecture, which allows it to be easily
scaled to meet the needs of any network.
• The system can be configured with a variety of modules, including line modules, trunk
modules, and control modules.
• This allows the system to be tailored to the specific needs of the network, and it also
makes it easy to upgrade the system as needed.
 Cont’d…
• The Alcatel 1000 E10 offers a wide range of features and capabilities,
including:
• Support for a variety of transmission technologies, including E1, T1, and IP
• Support for a variety of signaling protocols, including SS7, ISDN, and SIP
• Support for a variety of applications, including voice, data, and video
• Scalable architecture
• Flexible configuration
• Easy to manage
 Cont’d…
• The Alcatel 1000 E10 is a reliable and cost-effective switching system that can be used
for a variety of applications. It is a good choice for networks that need a flexible and
scalable solution.
• The Alcatel 1000 E10 is a popular choice for a variety of networks, including:
• Local exchanges
• Transit exchanges
• Signal transfer points
• Mobile networks
• Data networks
• Video networks
• The system is known for its reliability, scalability, and flexibility.
• It is a good choice for networks that need a high-performance switching solution that can
be easily adapted to changing requirements.
Integrated service Digital Network (ISDN)
• A digital ISDN system is a service that uses a set of communication
standards to transmit voice, data, and video over the public switched
telephone network.
• It can combine both analog and digital data on the same network.
• It uses digital lines, which could be copper lines, that can carry high-
quality transmissions at speeds of 128 Kbps or higher.
• It also provides access to packet-switched networks that allow data
transmission in increments of 64 kilobit/s.
• The main feature of ISDN is that it can integrate speech and data on the
same lines, which were not available in the classic telephone system.
 Cont’d…
• Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) was developed for the
digital transmission of data and voice over ordinary phone lines.
• ISDN provides better voice quality than PSTN.
• Users can make faster calls with ISDN than with PSTN.
 Cont’d…
• ISDN provides a fully integrated digital service to users.
• These services fall into 3 categories-
• bearer services- Transfer of information (voice, data, and video) between users
without the network manipulating the content of that information is provided
by the bearer network
• Teleservices -he network may change or process the contents of the data.
These services correspond to layers 4-7 of the OSI model.
• supplementary services.- Reverse charging, call waiting, and message
handling are examples of supplementary services which are all familiar with
today’s telephone company services.
 Advantages of ISDN
• ISDN channels have a reliable connection.
• ISDN is used to facilitate the user with multiple digital channels.
• It has faster data transfer rate.
• Efficient use of bandwidth
• Improved call quality
• Greater flexibility
• Integrated services
 Disadvantages of ISDN
• ISDN lines costlier than the other telephone system.
• It requires specialized digital devices.
• It is less flexible.
• Limited coverage
• High installation and maintenance costs
• Obsolescence
• Limited feature
Intelligent Telecommucation Networks
• An intelligent network (IN) is a network that provides specific
technical capabilities or services outside the conventional network
standard spectrum.
• This term is often linked with telecom networks, as recent innovation
has expanded telecom’s capabilities beyond its original primary
function of facilitating phone calls.