Air University

Electrical Engineering Department

Basic Electrical Engineering
Akram Rashid Asst. Prof.

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 Basic Electrical Engineering
• Every aspect of engineering practice,
and even of everyday life, has been
affected in some way or another by
Electrical and Electronic devices and
instruments.

• Computers are perhaps the most

obvious manifestations of this presence.

• Mechanical Machines, Mechanical

Industries, Electrical Engineering
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• This can range from Mechanical and
Industrial Engineering, to Chemical,
Nuclear, and Materials Engineering, to the
Aerospace and Astronautical disciplines, to
Civil and the emerging field of Biomedical
Engineering.

• Engineers today must be able to

communicate effectively within the
interdisciplinary teams in which they
work. 3
 Objectives
• The principal objective of the subject is to
present the principles of Electrical,
Electronic, and Electromechanical
Engineering to an audience Consisting of
Non-electrical Engineering fields.

• The second objective is to focus on the

applications of Electrical Engineering
to Mechanical Engineering.
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 Chapter 1

Introduction to Electrical
Engineering
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 Introduction
• The aim of this subject is to introduce EE
Concepts to Non-electrical Engineers.
• Perhaps the first question that surfaces in
the mind of the student approaching the
subject is, Why Electrical Engineering?
• Electrical Engineering is intimately
connected to many other engineering
disciplines, for example Mechanical
Engineering Mechatronic Engineering.
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 Electrical Systems in a
Passenger Automobile
• The automobile is a good example to
illustrate the pervasive presence of
Electrical, Electronic, and
Electromechanical devices and systems.
• Switch-Battery-Inductor coil generates a
sufficiently high voltage to allow a spark
to form across the spark plug gap, and
to ignite the air and fuel mixture.

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Ignition Circuit Diagram - Mechanically Timed Ignition
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 The ignition system
• The coil is supplied by a DC voltage
provided by a lead-acid battery.
• The battery also supplies power to the
lights, the windshield wipers, and the radio.
• The conventional electrical ignition system
has been supplanted by electronic ignition.
• It has the advantage over the conventional
mechanical ones, is their greater reliability,
ease of control, and life span and fuel
efficiency 12
Figure 1.2 Electrical
Engineering systems
in the automobile

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 The Power System
• The battery is a self-contained 12-VDC
electric power system.
• In order for the battery to have a useful
lifetime, a charging system, composed of an
alternator and of power electronic devices, is
present in every automobile.
• The alternator (generator) is an electric
machine, as are the motors that drive the
power mirrors, power windows, power seats
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 Emission Control System
• Emission control system, controls the exhaust
emissions from automobile.
• The heart of such control systems is a type of
computer called Microprocessor.
• The microprocessor receives signals from devices
(called sensors).
• Sensors measure relevant variables such as:
1. The engine speed.
2. The concentration of oxygen in the exhaust gases.
3. The amount of air aspirated by the engine.

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4. The position of the throttle valve (i.e., the driver’s
demand for engine power).
• The Microprocessor subsequently computes the
optimal amount of fuel and the correct timing of
the spark to result in the cleanest combustion
possible under the circumstances.
• The measurement of the aforementioned variables
falls under the heading of instrumentation.
• The interconnection between the sensors and the
microprocessor is usually made up of digital
circuits.

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1.2 EE As A Foundation For The
Design of Mechatronic System
• Many of today’s machines and processes,
require some form of electronic or
computer control for proper operation.
• The extensive use of microelectronics in
manufacturing systems has led to a new
approach to the design of such
engineering systems.
• This approach is called Mechatronic
design.
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• Mechatronic design is the integration of
existing disciplines —primarily Mechanical,
Electrical, Electronic, and Software
Engineering.
• Integration is an unavoidable aspect of
engineering practice for the design and
analysis of large scale and/or complex
systems.

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EX 1.2: Mechatronic Systems
Design of a Formula Lightning
Electric Race Car

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The Formula Electric Racing Car
• The Formula Lightning electric race car
projects involves the design, analysis, and
testing of an electric open-wheel race car.
• The energy storage systems are the major
design tasks in this project.
• Projects have included vehicle dynamics
and race track simulation, motor and battery
pack selection, and loading system design,
and transmission and driveline design.

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Continue… Electric Racing Car
• The Formula Lightning series is based on
a specification chassis; thus, extensive
modifications to the frame, suspension,
brakes, and body are not permitted.
• The focus of the project is therefore to
optimize the performance of the vehicle by
selecting a suitable combination of drive-
train (drive-line) and energy storage
components.
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Continue…Electric Racing Car
• The term power-train or power-plant refers to
the group of components that generate power
and deliver it to the road surface, water, or air.
• This includes the engine, transmission (clutch
and gear), drive shafts, differentials, etc…
• A motor vehicle's driveline or drive-train
consists of the parts of the power-train
excluding the engine and transmission.

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