Syllabus of 5th semester BCM

What is Foundation?

Base on which the building stands.

Difference between foundation and footing?
 Types of foundation
1. S H A L L O W F O U N D A T I O N
a) S P R E A D F O O T I N G
b) C O M B I N E D F O O T I N G
c) S T R A P F O O T I N G
d) M A T F O U N D A T I O N / R A F T F O U N D A T I O N

2. DEEP FOUNDATION
e) P I L E F O U N D A T I O N
f) P I E R F O U N D A T I O N
g) W E L L F O U N D A T I O N
 Pile foundation
• Pile foundations are deep foundations which is 3.5m to 20m.
• They are formed by long, slender, columnar elements typically made from steel or
reinforced concrete, or sometimes timber.
• A foundation is described as 'piled' when its depth is more than three times its
breadth.

1. Based on Function or Use

1. Sheet Piles
2. Load Bearing Piles
3. End bearing Piles
4. Friction Piles
5. Soil Compactor Piles

2. Based on Materials and Construction Method

1. Timber Piles
2. Concrete Piles
3. Steel Piles
4. Composite Piles
Pile foundation
 Pile foundation

• Type of foundation in which

loads are taken to low level by
vertical members (i.e timber,
concrete or steel).

• Types of pile foundation:

i. End bearing piles
ii. F r i c t i o n p i l e s
iii. C o m p a c t i o n p i l e s / S a n d
compaction pile
 Types of Pile foundation:
1. End bearing piles

End-bearing piles are piles

that rely on the resistance of
the soil or rock at the tip of
the pile to support the load.

They are usually driven or

bored into the ground until
they reach a hard layer, such
as bedrock or dense sand.

The length and diameter of

the pile depend on the load
and the soil conditions.

Used in earthquake prone

areas, high rise buildings
 Types of Pile foundation:
2. Friction piles

Friction piles are piles

that rely on the friction
between the surface of the
pile and the surrounding
soil to support the load.

They are usually driven or

bored into the ground to a
depth that is sufficient to
mobilize enough friction.

Used in low rise buildings.

Assam type houses, houses
which are load bearing
wall
 Types of Pile foundation:
3. Compaction piles/ Sand compaction piles

Compaction piles/sand
compaction piles are used to
compact loose granular soil,
thus increasing their bearing
capacity.

The compaction piles themselves

don’t carry the load.

The pile tube, driven to compact

the soil is gradually taken out
and sand is filled in its place
thus forming a sand pile.
 Compaction piles

LOOSE SOIL

HARD STRATA
SHEET 1: TYPES OF PILE FOUNDATION (BASED ON FUNCTION)

PILE FOUNDATION END BEARING PILES:

BENEFITS ADVANTAGES
USES DISADVANTAGES
TYPES: USES

FRICTION PILES: COMPACTION PILES:

ADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
USES USES
SHEET 1: TYPES OF PILE FOUNDATION (BASED ON MATERIAL)

TIMBER PILES: CONCRETE PILES:

ADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

STEEL PILES: COMPOSITE PILES:

ADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
 Source

https://civiltoday.com/geotechnical-engineering/foundation-engineering
/deep-foundation/176-pile-foundation-definition-types

THANK YOU
 BEAMS
1. Definition
2. Functions
3. Importance
4. Types: Simply supported beam, Cantilever
beam, Continuous beam
Definition of Beam:

Horizontal supporting member of a building.

It resists the load and helps from deflection, bending.

It can be in the form of wood, metal, concrete.

Functions of a Beam:
Beams primarily carry vertical gravitational forces.

They are also used to carry horizontal loads (e.g., loads due to an
earthquake or wind.

Importance of a Beam:
A beam's function is to support walls and prevent overloading a concrete
slab.
In construction, beams are used to reinforce columns, resulting in an ideal
distribution of the bending force in the beams and less bending in the
columns.