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Mechanism of Heat Transfer
Mechanism of Heat Transfer
Conduction:
Convection:
A process associated with the
motion of the medium. When a
hot material flows into a cold
material, it will heat the region
- and vise versa.
Heat transfer: the mechanisms
Radiation:
The transfer of heat via electromagnetic radiation. Example - the
Sun.
CONDUCTION
• Conduction = CONTACT
Have you ever…
• Touched a metal spoon sitting in a pan of boiling
water only to be surprised by HOW hot it is??
• Convection moves in
a circular pattern
Examples of Convection:
Have you ever noticed that the air near the ceiling is
warmer than the air near the floor? Or that water in a
pool is cooler at the deep end?
Examples: air movement in a home, pot of heating water.
Pick one of these examples and draw the circular pattern
in your notes.
RADIATION
• Radiation is the transfer of energy by
electromagnetic waves
• Radiation does NOT require matter to transfer
thermal energy
• Radiation = Radiates (heat escaping the sun)
Examples of RADIATION
1. Fire
2. Heat Lamps
3. Sun
Heat transfer: the mechanisms
Heat flux is the flow per unit area and per unit time of heat. It is
directly proportional to the temperature gradient.
where:
q is the heat flux
k is the coefficient of thermal conductivity
T is the temperature
y is a spatial coordinate
Units:
• q is in [Wm-2]
• k is in [Wm-1K-1]
k2 k1
heat
H.F. through slab 1:
T2 Tx T1
Or more generally:
Norway+Sweden
Sierra Nevada
• There is a systematic
dependence of the
surface heat flow on the
age of the sea floor.
Ignoring terms higher than the first order term, leads to:
Thus:
Heat transfer: conservation of energy in 1-dimension
If there's nonzero net heat flow per unit area out of the slab, this
heat must be generated internally in the slab. In that case:
where:
H is the heat production rate per unit mass
is the density
Starting with: