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Normal Distribution
Normal Distribution
– Arm lengths
– Eye heights
REMEMBER your box plot
Middle 50%
LQ UQ
range
The Normal Distribution
(Bell Curve)
Average contents 50
Mean = μ = 50
Standard deviation = σ = 5
The normal distribution is a
theoretical probability
the area under the curve adds up to one
The normal distribution is a
Thedistribution
A Normal normalisdistribution isofathe
a theoretical model
wholetheoretical
population. It isprobability
perfectly symmetrical about
the central value; the mean μ represented
the area under the curve adds up to oneby zero.
The X axis is divided up into deviations from the
As well as the mean the standard
mean. Below the shaded area is one deviation
deviation
from (σ) must also be known.
the mean.
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Two standard deviations
from the mean
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Three standard deviations
from the mean
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
A handy estimate – known as the
Imperial Rule for a set of normal data:
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
95% of data fits within 2σ of the μ
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Φ(1.5)=0.93319
Φ(-1.00)
=1- Φ(1.00)
=1-0.84134
=0.15866
Shaded area =
Φ(1.5)- Φ(-1.00)
= 0.93319 - 0.15866
= 0.77453
Task
Exercise B page 79
Solving Problems using
the tables
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
The area under the curve is the probability of getting less than the z
score. The total area is 1.
The tables give the probability for z-scores in the distribution
X~N(0,1), that is mean =0, s.d. = 1.
NB If your z-score is negative then you would look up the positive from
the table. The rule for the shaded area is the same as above: more
than half – read from the table, less than half subtract the reading
from 1.
You will have to standardise if the
mean is not zero and the standard
deviation is not one
Task