LIMITS OF A FUNCTION

B Y: M R . R E N Z C H E S T E R R . G U M A R U
 INTENTED LEARNING OUTCOMES

• At the end of the lesson, the students must be able to:

1. Illustrate the limit of a function using a table of values and

the graph of the function.

2. Distinguish between
 REVIEW

•What is a Relation?

•What is a Function?
 Example:
RELATION 1. 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟗
Domain: {1, 0, 9}
 Any set of ordered Range: {3, 2, 8}
pairs 𝑥 𝑦 Ordered pair: ✔
Domain: ✔
(1,
1 2)
2 Range: ✔
Hence, it is a RELATION
DOMAIN- The set of all 2.
the first coordinates. Domain: {1, 2, 3}
Range: {4, 5, 6}
RANGE- The set of all the
Ordered pair: ✔
second coordinates. Domain: ✔
Range: ✔
Hence, it is a RELATION
 Example:
FUNCTION 1.{
FUNCTION
 is also relation wherein
each member of the first 2.
FUNCTION
set or domain, corresponds
to exactly one element of 3.
the second set or range. FUNCTION

A function can be denoted by 4.

, NOT FUNCTION
which reads
“” or 5.
“the value of the function at NOT FUNCTION
x”
 LIMIT OF A FUNCTION

Limits are the backbone of calculus, and

calculus is called the mathematics of change.
The study of limits is necessary in studying
change in great detail. The evaluation of a
particular limit is what underlies the formulation
of the derivative and the integral of a function.
 LIMIT OF A FUNCTION

DISCUSSION
• Consider a function f of a single variable x. Consider a
constant c which the variable x will approach (c may or may
not be in the domain of f). The limit, to be denoted by L, is the
unique real value that f(x) will approach as x approaches c. In
symbols, we write this process as

This is read as “The limit of f(x) as x approaches c is L.”

 TABLE OF VALUES

To illustrate, let us consider:

Here, f(x) = 1 + 3x and the constant c, which x will approach, is

2. To evaluate the given limit, we will make use of a table to
help us keep track of the effect that the approach of x toward 2
will have on f(x). Of course, on the number line, x may
approach 2 in two ways: through values on its left and through
values on its right.
 TABLE OF VALUES

• We first consider approaching 2 from its left or through values

less than 2. Remember that the values to be chosen should be
close to 2. ()
x f(x)
1 4
1.4 5.2
1.7 6.1
1.9 6.7
1.995 6.85
1.997 6.991
1.9999 6.9997
1.9999999 6.9999997
 TABLE OF VALUES

• Now we consider approaching 2 from its right or through

values greater than but close to 2. ()

x f(x)
3 10
2.5 8.5
2.2 7.6
2.1 7.3
2.03 7.09
2.009 7.027
2.0005 7.0015
2.0000001 7.0000003
 LIMIT OF A FUNCTION

Observe that as the values of x get closer and closer to 2, the

values of f(x) get closer and closer to 7. This behavior can be
shown no matter what set of values, or what direction, is taken
in approaching 2. In symbols,

=7
GRAPH
 DLP 1

Solve the given problem (You can use calculator if needed)

Complete the following tables to investigate . Determine the
limit.
1. 2.

x f(x) x f(x)
0.5 1.6
0.7 1.35
0.95 1.05
0.995 1.005
0.9995 1.0005
0.99995 1.00005