“Adhesive

and Sealant”
 You do not always need to replace a component that is worn, damaged or
broken. There is an increasingly wide range of sealants and adhesives in car
accessory shops that allow you to make satisfactory repairs, thus saving the cost
of buying a new component.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
This topic contains the following:

1. Sealant /adhesive must applied evenly on the surface, in line

with the manufacturer’s specification.
2. Excess sealant/adhesive is removed by sanding or scrapping.
3. Tools and equipment used to apply sealant/adhesive are
appropriate to job requirements.
4. Safety are observed and Personal Protective Equipment(PPE)
are worn in accordance with industry Standard Operating
Procedure (SOP).
5. Hazards associated with the use of sealant and adhesive are
identified.
LO: 1: LOG APPLY SEALANT/ADHESIVE EVENLY
“USE OF SEALANT AND ADHESIVE”
A vast range of sealants and adhesives are
available for repairing many different components
in your car. Plastics, wood, rubber, glass and metals
can all be repaired using adhesives. Sealants can be
used to waterproof weather seals around windows,
while cracks in metal casings can be sealed with a
special putty adhesive.

To apply the sealant you gently lift the seal

surrounding the window and insert the nozzle into
the gap. Squeeze the sealant while running the
nozzle along the gap.
 TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION OF SEALANT AND
ADHESIVE

You can buy glues for fixing metal to glass or glass

to glass. More and more cars are being supplied with
mirrors stuck on to the windscreen. While these can stay
put for years, they do tend to give up eventually.

Some of these glues work in the same way as normal

glues, while others have to be exposed to light before
they will cure. You can also refix window catches that
have come adrift.

Glass glue
 These adhesives can also be used for securing press-fit
bearings such as wheel bearings . They are especially useful
where there is a slight amount of wear to the bearing housing
which might otherwise mean scrapping the unit. The adhesive
fills the slight gap between the bearing and the housing. It also
makes the bearing easier to fit as it provides some lubrication
between the surfaces.
Once the parts have been cleaned the adhesive should be
applied sparingly to both surfaces. Fit the components
together and allow about 15 minutes for it to cure. The
adhesive will be fully cured after about three hours. Similar
adhesives are also available for keeping bushes and sleeves in
Studs and bearings their housings.
 To fill minor cracks in engine or gearbox casings you
can use repair putty. This can also be applied to a range
of metals, including stainless steel, aluminum and
bronze .
The repair kit usually consists of two separate pastes -
resin and a hardener - which have to be mixed together
and then quickly applied to the damaged area.
The affected area has to be as clean as possible to
allow the putty to adhere properly. For this use a solvent
cleaning fluid and a scrubbing brush .
Thoroughly mix the resin and hardener together in
equal amounts and apply it quickly to the damaged casing
with the spatula provided in the kit. Make sure you leave
the putty for about ten hours before you drive the car.
Repair putty Full strength is reached after about 72 hours.
 Sealants (sometimes called mastics) are used for waterproofing,
such as repairing a leaking window. They are usually supplied in the
form of a large tube with a nozzle at one end and may be either clear or
black. The clear sealants are used for waterproofing between the
weather seal and window while the black sealants are used between the
seal and bodywork.
To apply the sealant you gently lift the seal surrounding the
window and insert the nozzle into the gap. Squeeze the sealant while
running the nozzle along the gap.

Bush Adhesive retaining compound bonds bearings,

bushes and cylindrical parts in housings and on shafts. It
optimizes power transmission, permits even distribution of
stresses and prevents friction oxidation and fretting corrosion.
Adhesive Bonding is the process of joining two
surfaces together, usually with the creation of a smooth
bond. This may involve the use of glue, epoxy, or one of
a wide range of plastic agents which bond either through
the evaporation of a solvent or through curing via heat,
time, or pressure.

This is a strong fast-acting adhesives with industrial,

medical, and household uses. They are derived from ethyl
cyanoacrylate and related esters. The cyanoacrylate group
in the monomer rapidly polymerizes in the presence of
water to form long, strong chains. They have some minor
toxicity.
Super Glue
TOOLS AND MATERIALS TO BE USED IN APPLYING
SEALANT ADHESIVE

1. Handgun – the basic adhesive

equipment
2. Automated adhesive application with a
pneumatic gun 
3. Automated electric gun
4. Jetting with an industrial glue machine
5. Spray application of adhesives
6. Air spray as adhesive application
equipment
 TECHNIQUES IN APPLYING SEALANT
ADHESIVE
There are three methods for applying adhesives and sealants onto body assemblies:
 The first application method extrudes a round bead of adhesive onto body surfaces.
 The second application method is streaming or spraying adhesives and sealers. New
methods and benefits for improving streaming and spraying are presented to improve
production requirements.
 The third application method is by swirling mastic materials onto vehicle panels and body
assemblies.
This application method is rapidly gaining acceptance in North America. Swirling
adhesives and sealants can provide a significant advantage over other dispensing methods.
Analysis of customer processes and customer inputs indicate that there is a need for each of the
three application methods. This paper describes the best method for each manufacturing
process. By defining the variables important to the process, the user will be able to select the
most appropriate solution for the process and optimize the manufacturer's success.
 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN APPLYING SEALANT
ADHESIVE

Make sure you read any warnings on the packaging of the glues or sealants,
otherwise you may damage the component you are working on.
Many products must be used only in a well-ventilated area — don't ignore
this warning because the fumes they give off are often enough to make you pass
out.
Some types of adhesive can cause considerable irritation if they come into
contact with your skin, so wear gloves when handling them. If an adhesive does
come into contact with your skin, you can usually wash it off with soap and
water. If you get any in your eyes, wash the affected area with large amounts of
water and seek medical advice straightaway.
LO: 1.2: REMOVE EXCESS SEALANT/ BY SANDING OR SCRAPPING
 How to Remove Adhesive
Industrial adhesives are usually designed to offer the strongest bond
and the best environmental resistance possible, so determining the best way
to remove adhesive that has been cured can be a monumental challenge! In
every case, it is important to consult the relevant safety datasheet for both
the adhesive and cleaning agent, to ensure adequate personal protection
(such as gloves, safety glasses, and face masks) is used. Also, for sensitive
substrate materials such as certain plastics, we recommend a small, discreet
area is checked for compatibility before applying chemicals.

When using any adhesive, it is a good idea to refer to the safety data
sheet for appropriate personal protection, spill information, and proper
disposal of uncured adhesive. This information can assist in preparing an
appropriate spill kit, which should be readily available.
 Anaerobic adhesives are one-part adhesives composed of
dimethacrylate monomers (esters of alkylene glycols and acrylic or
methacrylic acid) that cure only in the absence of air. They are less
toxic than other acrylics, have a mild, inoffensive odor, and are not
corrosive to metals.

Cleaning up a spillage
Large spills can be soaked up with sand or other inert absorbent material. Paper towels can also be
used. Make sure to bag and dispose of safely.

Cleaning up a residue
Get rid of the puddle, but now a greasy patch remain, but you can clean it up with the help of
MEK or IPA solvent and a clean cloth or paper towel. Make sure to ventilate well / wear a mask, as
solvent inhalation should be avoided. Dispose of the cleaning cloths safely.
Cleaning up excess on parts
Activators such as Perm bond A905 or ASC10 can be used to cure edges of
bonds to help prevent tackiness and to give a little extra protection against
solvent attack. Excess anaerobic inside pipework systems is not visible – it is
important to flush through any system to wash excess adhesive away (a water
flush is adequate, no need to flush through with solvent). Anaerobic adhesive
that has been flushed away will not “set” somewhere else and cause a blockage
because anaerobic adhesive must be confined between two metal surfaces or
sprayed with activator (A905 or ASC10) to cure.

If the outside of parts is still messy and the appearance is not up

to scratch, further careful cleaning can be done with MEK or IPA
and a clean rag or paper towel. Be careful that the parts have cured
sufficiently before handling them. Otherwise you could end up
interrupting the cure and suffer inferior bond strength or a leaky
joint.
 Removal of cured adhesive
Removing cured adhesive is a bit more difficult; MEK and IPA are not particularly
aggressive, acetone can be used instead if necessary. If these fail methylene chloride
could be used, but be very cautious about this coming into contact with cured adhesive
in the joint which you don’t want to be destroyed!

When trying to free a bolt thread locked with a permanent thread locker heat the
parts to above 200-250 deg C then use normal tools to break them free.

When disassembling threaded pipes with pipe sealants use a metal brush to
thoroughly remove adhesive (pipe sealant) before reapplying. Similarly, when
removing form in place gaskets, it is better to scrape the gasket than try to dissolve it.
There are very soft flexible adhesive grades available for making gaskets which can be
easily removed.
LO: 1.3 : Apply sealant/adhesive using tools and equipment
appropriate to job requirements
 Fixing loose screws

If a bolt or screw constantly vibrates loose,

such as the throttle butterfly screws on a
Stromberg carburettor , you can fix it securely by
applying special thread locking adhesive.
Remove the fastening and clean the screw and
screw hole threads. Apply a few drops of fluid to
the threads, then refit the screw and do it up
tightly. Allow time for the adhesive to cure.
Spray the surface of windscreen and To stick a badge to the body clean the
mirror with the activator. Let the surfaces, apply the 'superglue' sparingly and
activator dry, apply the adhesive to the hold the components together for a few
mirror base and hold firmly until set. seconds until the glue has set.
On a wooden dashboard, a piece of To seal a window lift the weather seal
trim that has fallen off can be quickly carefully with a spoon handle. Insert the
stuck back on by using an extra strong applicator nozzle into the gap and squeeze the
bonding glue. handle to apply the sealant.
Apply appropriate Apply appropriate ALT723201
sealant/adhesive sealant/adhesive

Move and position vehicle Moving and positioning vehicle ALT723202

Perform Mensuration and Performing Mensuration and ALT311202

Calculation calculation
Read, Interpret and Apply Reading, Interpretation and ALT723203
specifications and manuals Applying specifications and
Manuals
Use and Apply Lubricant/Coolant Using and Applying ALT723204
Lubricant/Coolant
Perform Shop Maintenance Performing Shop Maintenance ALT723205

Perform Job Estimates Performing Job Estimates ALT311204

Interpret/Draw Technical drawing Interpreting/Drawing Technical ALT311205

Drawing
Practice Health, Safety and Practicing Health, Safety ALT723206
Environment Procedures and Environment
Provide Work Skills Providing Work Skills ALT311209
Instructions Instructions
Identify and Select Identifying and Selecting ALT723210
Original Automotive Parts Original Automotive Parts
and Products and Products
LO:1.4: Observe safety
and wear personal
protective equipment
(PPE) in accordance
with industry standard
operating procedure
(SOP)
 The Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ensures
workplace safety through the enforcement of established federal legislation Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) is utilized to reduce employee exposure to hazards when engineering and
administrative controls are not feasible or effective in reducing the exposures to acceptable
levels. Employers are required to determine if PPE should be used to protect their workers,
provide the equipment, and ensure its use.

The California Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Cal-OSHA) operates

as the acting regulatory enforcement body under the direction of the OSHA Act. In 2010 new
rules were proposed as a result of an audit conducted by OSHA on the effectiveness of Cal-
OSHA safety and health enforcement and regulatory programs. Cal-OSHA realized that it had
not adopted equivalent rules to the federal requirements dealing with PPE hazard assessment
and training. Therefore under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 the new
requirements to ensure equivalency with federal OSHA in this area were adopted. Pursuant to
this regulation, Chapman University has established this Standard Operating Procedure,
(SOP) regarding Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) requirements for all campus laboratory
workers/employees.
The Purpose of Wearing Personal Protective Equipment(PPE)
According to Chapman University is to committed to provide a healthy
and safe working environment for all members of the campus community.
This Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Standard Operating Procedure
(SOP) is designed to prevent workplace injuries and illnesses for all faculty,
staff, students, and visitors.

This SOP under the new rule requires the supervisor to assess the
workplace to determine if hazards are present and select the PPE for their
workers/employees based on an assessment of the hazards which their
workers/employees are likely to encounter in the workplace. Supervisors will
also be required to inform their workers/employees of the selection decisions
and to have their workers/employees follow those decisions when obtaining
the PPE which properly fits the affected worker/employee.
LO: 1.5 : Identify hazard associated with the use of
sealant and adhesives .
 The chemicals in adhesive and sealant systems can
affect the health of a worker if they come into contact
with the skin or if they evaporate and form a mist or
vapor in the air. The main effects of over-exposure are:
irritation of the eyes, nose, throat, and skin; skin
allergies; and asthma.

……And the best way to prevent this is to

use Personal Protective Equipment(PPE)
and read the instruction and warnings,
before doing any procedure. And handle the
product with care.
 The completely cured adhesive or sealant is generally considered
to be safe and non-toxic. Nevertheless, caution must be practiced when
machining or grinding bonded or sealed joints due to the proliferation
of possibly harmful airborne particles. The decomposition products of
an overheated adhesive or sealant may exhibit substantial vapor
pressures, and these could also cause health and safety issues. However,
it is the exposure to the uncured or liquid components that can be the
most harmful aspect of working with an adhesive or sealant .The
chemicals in adhesive and sealant systems can affect the health of a
worker if they come into contact with the skin or if they evaporate and
form a mist or vapor in the air. The main effects of over-exposure
are :irritation of the eyes, nose, throat ,and skin; skin allergies; and
asthma. Organic solvents and other high-vapor-pressure additives in
these formulations can cause other deleterious effects, such as
headaches, dizziness, and confusion.
 MATERIALS USED AND THEIR EFFECT ON
HEALTH AND SAFETY

The hazards associated with the specific product being handled will depend on the nature of
the components in the formulation, because different material components have distinctive
properties and characteristics when it comes to health and safety, one should always try to find out
what chemicals are in the products that are being used. This can be done by consulting the
manufacturer's Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for the specific adhesive or sealant product
being used. The MSDS lists the hazardous chemical content s of a product ,describes its health and
safety hazards, and gives methods for its safe use, storage, and disposal. The MSDS also includes
information on fire and explosion hazards, reactivity, first aid, and procedures for handling leaks
and spills.
Government regulations require that an employer have the MSDS for all workplace' products
that contain hazardous substances, and these must be made readily available to employees upon
request. The MSDS can also be obtained from the manufacturer of the material, and many are
available over the Internet to secure the safety of everyone who uses the product.
 This are the possible effects and danger that may cause in one’s
health if the user is inappropriate in handling and using of
Sealant/Adhesive.

Nervous system Solvents inhaled or absorbed through the skin can affect the
central nervous system the same way that drinking alcohol does.
Symptoms of solvent over exposure include headache, nausea,
dizziness, slurred speech. confusion, and loss of consciousness.
Reproductive system Some of the components, diluents, and solvents that are used in
adhesives and sealants may affect reproduction. It is generally
recommended that pregnant and nursing women minimize their
exposure to solvents.
Lungs Vapor inhalation with most liquid resins is not considered a problem
unless the resins are heated or the component has a very high vapor
pressure, such as with solvents or certain diluents. Vapor and spray mists
of most chemicals can irritate the lungs.
Skin Most organic resins are not acutely irritating to the skin. However,
certain types are capable of causing skin sensitization. Susceptibility to
skin irritation and sensitization varies from person to person. The resins
are generally considered to be milder skin sensitizers than curing agents,
diluents, or solvents.
Eyes, nose, and throat Most chemicals and their vapors can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat.
Some people develop headaches as a result of this irritation. Resins,
curing agents. solvents,
and diluents can cause severe irritation. In the event of eye contact, the
eyes should immediately be flushed with plenty of water and then seek
medical attention.
 That would be all
and Thank You for
Listening!

Remember: Health and Safety of

everyone, Matters!
Presented by:

Christian Rey Molina

Mark Christian Ramilo
Aldrin Tobia
Ismael Ramolete