WELCOME

DESIGN OF HEATING ELEMENT

Presented by:

Name Enrollment number

Jenish patel 200280109124

Jenish.M.patel 200280109121

Saurabh patel 200280109097

LALREMRUATA 200280109111
CONTENT

1. Introduction
2. Heating element
3. Characteristics of heating element
4. Material use in heating element
5. Application
6. Design of heating element
Introduction
 A heating element converts electrical energy into heat through the
process of Joule heating. Electric current through the element
encounters resistance, resulting in heating of the element. Unlike the
Peltier effect, this process is independent of the direction of current.
 Electric heating is a process in which electrical energy is converted
directly to heat energy at around 100% efficiency, using rather cheap
devices. Common applications include space heating, cooking, water
heating and industrial processes.
Heating element
 A heating element is a Material or device that directly converts
electrical energy into heat or thermal energy through a principal.
Known as Joule heating.

 The most important heating element characteristics are sufficient

resistivity, high oxidation resistance, low-temperature coefficient of
resistance, high toughness, and high melting point.
Characteristics of heating element

 High Resistivity : dose not depend on the size of the material

 High Melting point: The heating element must handle high
temperature to support the manufacturing processes.
 High Ductility: Tensile stress handling is a crucial property for any
heating element to have with.
 Low temperature coefficient resistance : Change in resistance for
every temperature change is what a heating element has to be
capable of
 Positive temperature coefficient
of resistance
 Free From Oxidation at high
temperature
 High Ductility and Flexibility
 Sufficient Mechanical Strength
Material use in heating
element

The most commonly used

material for heating
elements is the Nichrome. It
is used in making heating
elements for electric
heaters, electric ovens,
electric iron, room heaters,
electrical furnaces etc
Nichrome (80%Nickle, 20%
chromium)wire most
resistance wire heating
element usually use.
 Fe-Cr-Al ( Iron , chromium, Aluminium) 20-24% Chromium, 4-6%
Aluminium,iron as the balance
Application
 They are used in common heating device like toaster and
hair dryers,furnaces for industrial heating ,floor
heating,roof heating,pathway heating to melt snow
 Other example toaster, coffee makers,hair
dryers,kettle,water heater and electric stoves
 Electrical laundry iron, toaster , heaters , electrical bulb
and fuses.
Design of Heating Element

 Consider the heating element is in the circular shape. Therefore, the length
and diameter of the heating element can be calculated as follows

 According to the Stefan’s law, the heat dissipated is given by,

Where;
•V is The supply voltage and
•R is the resistance of heating element

>Where, ‘ρ’ is the resistivity of the wire material, ‘l’ is the length of the
wire and ‘d’ is the diameter of the circular wire.
-Surface area of elements=π×d×l m^2
-Thus, the heat input per m^2of the surface area is

-The temperature of the heating element at the initial stage will raise
gradually but after certain time it becomes constant. At this instant, the
heat dissipated from the surface of the heating element is equal to input of
the electrical energy. Therefore, equating eqns. (1) and (2), we get,
-Hence, for the given voltage and power, the length and diameter of the
heating element can be determined by using the eqns. (3) and (4).
EXAMPLE: A 250 V, 1.5 kW single element electric furnace is to employ
a nichrome wire operating at 900°C. Estimate a suitable diameter and
length of wire.
Assume radiating efficiency = 1, emissivity=0.9, resistivity= 1.1 x 10 -6
ohem-m;
Ambient temperature = 30°C.