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Lecture 1 - Axial Stress and Strain
Lecture 1 - Axial Stress and Strain
Lecture 1 - Axial Stress and Strain
Strength of Materials
Strength of Materials
A B
*Statics – assumes that the material (bar and cable) supporting the load is rigid.
Hence, the only concern here is the magnitude of the reaction (P) that shall
maintain the system in equilibrium.
*Strength of Materials – assumes that the supporting materials are deformable
bodies. Hence, the concern is on the maximum load that the whole assembly
can carry without allowing the supporting materials break or bend.
Strength of Materials
Simple Stresses
Stress - The measure of strength of a material per unit
area usually expressed in N/mm2 or MPa.
1. Normal Stress
2. Shear Stress
3. Bearing Stress
Normal Stress
AXIAL STRESS
Normal stress develops when a force is applied
perpendicular to the resisting area.
P
__
δ=A where P
┴A
TENSION
δ Normal stress
P Internal Axial Force
A Cross – Sectional Area
COMPRESSION
EXAMPLE no. 01
Which bar is stronger A or B?
Assume that the given loads are the maximum loads each
can carry.
BAR 1 BAR 2
1000 N 500 N
answer : D= 119.325 mm
EXAMPLE no. 03
A homogeneous 800 kg bar AB is supported at either end
by a cable as shown in Figure. Calculate the smallest
area of each cable if the stress is not to exceed 90 Mpa
in bronze and 120 MPa in steel.
δ s = δal = 24 ksi
answer : δ br = 18 ksi
EXAMPLE no. 06
An bronze rod is rigidly attached between a aluminum rod
and a steel rod as shown. Axial loads are applied at the
positions indicated. Find the maximum allowable value of
P that will not exceed a stress in steel of 140MPa, in
aluminum of 90MPa or in bronze of 100MPa.
Aluminum
A = 500mm2 Bronze
Steel
A = 200mm2
A = 150mm2
2P
3P P
L br = 2m L st = 1.2m
L al = 3.5m
answer : P = 10,500 N
EXAMPLE no. 07
Determine the weight of the heaviest traffic lighting
system that can be carried by the two bars shown if the
allowable stress on bar AB is 90MPa and on bar AC is
110MPa given that the cross sectional areas of bar AB is
50mm2 and that of AC is 80 mm2
B
C
70 A
35
answer : 5,305.50 N
EXAMPLE no. 08
Determine the required cross sectional areas of members BE,
CD and CE of the given truss shown, if the allowable stress in
tension is 120MPa while in compression is 105MPa.
D
C
G
4m
3m 3m
A B E F H
3m 3m 3m 3m
C B
8m
9m
A 3m
answer : W = 19,081.11 N
EXAMPLE no. 10
Determine the largest weight W that can be supported by two
wires shown in Figure. The stress in either wire is not to
exceed 30 ksi. The cross-sectional areas of wires AB and AC
are 0.4 in2 and 0.5 in2, respectively.
V
__ where V || A
P
τ= A
τ Shear Stress
P
V Resultant Shear
A Cross – Sectional Area V ∑Fx = 0;
V=P
Shearing area
parallel to the
load
TYPES OF SHEARING STRESS
SINGLE SHEAR
LAP JOINT
Rivet under Single shear
P
t P Shearing
Area
B P 130mm
P
DOUBLE SHEAR
Rivet under Double shear
BUTT JOINT
t splice plate
t
P/2 main plate
P
P/2
Shearing
Areas
SINGLE SHEAR
P
P P
P
Lower Plate
P
Lower Plate
P
Right Side View
P
Right Side View
P
DOUBLE SHEAR
P/2 P/2
P
P
P/2
P/2
P P
a
Ɵ
a
t
D at Section a-a :
x
t
V L Pcos(Ɵ)
Ashearing = x.L
t Ashearing = πD.t
πD
Bearing Stress
P
__
b where P A
δb = ┴
A
δb Bearing Stress
Pb Perpendicular Force / Bearing Force
A Projected Contact Area
Bearing Stress
END STRESS
LAP JOINT
t
P
P
130mm
B P P
P
130mm
P
Enlargement of Holes
D
t
EXAMPLE no. 02
The lap joint shown in the figure is fastened by four ¾-in.
diameter rivets. Calculate the maximum safe load P that can
be applied if the shearing stress in the rivets is limited to 14 ksi
and the bearing stress in the plates is limited to 18 ksi. Assume
the applied load is uniformly distributed among the four rivets.
answer : P = 24,___ N
EXAMPLE no. 01
A circular hole is to be punched out of a plate that has a
shear strength of 40ksi The working compressive stress
in the punch is 50ksi. a.) Compute the maximum
thickness of a plate in which a 2.5” diameter hole can be
punched. b.) If the plate is 0.25in thick, determine the
smallest diameter that can be punched. P
B
G 75X75X13 mm
4m
3m 3m
75X75X6 mm
A C E F H
3m 3m 3m 3m P BE
50KN P BC
50KN 75KN
answer :