Review

What are the three

measures of central
tendency?
 Allen’s grades during the fourth
quarter are 87, 84, 85, 85, 86, 90, 91
and 92, while
Rain’s grades are, 81, 82, 81, 84, 87,
90, 92 and 95.
• What is the average grade of Allen?
• 87.5
• How about Rain’s?
• 86.5
• Who is smarter?
 MEASURES
OF
VARIABILITY
UNGROUPED
STATISTICS
Measures of dispersion or
variability refer to the spread of
the values about the mean. These
are important quantities used by
statisticians in evaluation.
Smaller dispersion of scores
arising from the comparison
often indicates more consistency
and more reliability.
 You are driving cross country
and eating at every McDonalds
that you pass. Do you expect the
variability of the hamburgers
from one restaurant to the next
will be high or low?

VARIABILITY will be low and

CONSISTENCY will be high. Every burger
will taste like every other burger.
 The greater the variability, the
less accurately data are
summarized by the measure of
central tendency.

High variability Low variability

Low Predictability High Predictability
There are a few ways to
measure variability and
they include:
1)The Range
2)The Variance
3)The Standard Deviation
RANGE
 The simplest and most
straightforward measurement of
variation is the Range which
measures variation in interval-ratio
variables.
It is a measure of the
distance between highest and
lowest.
A. COMPUTATION OF THE RANGE FOR UNGROUPED DATA
The range is the difference between
the maximum and minimum value.
Hence for ungrouped data, we arrange
the series in ascending or descending
order. This helps us to select the highest
and lowest values in the distribution.
In symbol, we write:
R=H–L
where: H = highest individual value
L = lowest individual value
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE:
Find the range in the following set of number:

11,14, 23, 18, 16, 20 and 19.

Solution: R = H – L
= 23 – 11
R = 12
 Test scores of
10, 8, 9, 7, 5, and
3, will give us a
range of _____
VARIANCE
VARIANCE

It measures how far each number in the set is

from the mean.

To find the variance of ungroup data, use the

formula:
STEPS IN COMPUTING VARIANCE
Step 1: Compute the mean score
Step 2: Find the deviation of each score from the
mean.
Step 3: Square each deviation.
Step 4: Find the sum of the squared deviations.
Step 5: Divide the sum of the squared deviations
to n-1
STANDARD
DEVIATION
C. COMPUTATION OF THE STANDARD DEVIATION
FOR UNGROUPED DATA
A measurement that will give you a
better idea of how the data entries differ
from the mean is the standard deviation. The
standard deviation is by far considered the
most important measure of variability. It is
computed by extracting the square root of
the variance. The formula for the standard
deviation, as in variance, differs slightly
depending on whether one is using an entire
population or just a sample.
STEPS IN COMPUTING STANDARD
DEVIATION
Step 1: Compute the mean score
Step 2: Find the deviation of each
score from the mean.
Step 3: Square each deviation.
Step 4: Find the Mean of the
squared deviations.
Step 5: Get the square root of the
mean of the squared deviations.
Illustrative Example:
The scores of 10 randomly selected
40, 45,
students from a class are:
55, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90
and 95. Find the standard
deviation.
Solution: Form the table as shown
below.
TRY THIS!

A Grade 7 Biology class was conducting

an investigation on the effect of the
fertilizer they made on the growth of
monggo seedlings. A random sample of
those seedlings yielded the following
heights in centimeters.
HEIGHT OF MONGGO SEEDLINGS (IN CENTIMETERS)
HEIGHT OF MONGGO SEEDLINGS (IN CENTIMETERS)