TYPES OF POLITICAL

ORGNIZATIONS

SUBMITTED BY : M. Abdul Samad(68)

SUBMITTED TO : Madam Nayyab Rizwan
 INTRODUCTION

• Anthropology is the study of human societies and cultures, including their

political systems.
• Anthropologists have identified various types of political organizations based
on their structure, authority, and decision-making processes.
 T Y P ES

• BANDS
• TRIBES
• CHIEFDOMS
• STATES
 BANDS

• Smallest and simplest type.

• They consist of small groups of people, typically hunters and
gatherers, who live together in a particular area.
• Bands are egalitarian, meaning that there is no formal leadership or
hierarchy. Decisions are made through informal consensus and there is
little specialization of roles.
 TRIBES

• Larger and more complex than bands.

• They consist of several bands that share a common language, culture,
and territory.
• Tribes have a more formal leadership structure, with a chief or elder.
• Decision-making is often based on consensus or consultation with the
chief.
 CHIEFDOMS

• More larger and more complex than tribes. They consist of several villages
or communities that are united under a single leader or chief
• Chief has authority over the other leaders.
• Decision-making is centralized, with the chief making most of the important
decisions.
• There is also a hierarchy of status and wealth, with the chief and their
relatives at the top.
 STATES

• Most complex type of political organization, with a large population, complex

bureaucracy, and formal legal system.
• States have a centralized government with a constitution or other governing
document that outlines the structure of power and authority.
• Decision-making is formalized through a system of laws, courts, and elected
officials.
• States also have specialized roles and institutions, such as police, military, and
educational systems.
 CONCLUSION

• In conclusion, anthropology has identified several types of political

organizations, each with its own unique characteristics and strengths.
By studying these different types of political organizations, we can
gain insights into the complexities of human societies and cultures, and
the challenges we face in creating just and equitable societies.