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SST513 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
Lecture 1
Introduction
Applications
S. UMER FAROOQ SHAH DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING DR. UMER FAROOQ 1
COURSE BOOKS AND
REFERENCES
Ref. Books: Course Text Book:

1) Raster-stereography Based “Digital Image
Partial Face Recognition Processing”, Rafael
M. Wasim, Lambert (Germany) C. Gonzalez &
&
2) Advanced Methodologies and Richard E. Woods,
Technologies in Artificial Addison-Wesley, 3rd
Intelligence, Computer Simulation, edition
and Human-Computer Interaction
M. Wasim, IGI Global (USA)
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING DR. UMER FAROOQ 2
INTRODUCTION Pixel
Screen
Image
Analog Digital
Capture Image Analog Gray Colo Binary RGB -> Millions of colors
r
(0-255) R: (0-255) (0 or 255)
Process Digital G: (0-255)
B: (0-255)
Sampling
Display Analog
Quantization
input output
Computer Image Computer
3D Graphics 2D Processin 2D Vision 3D
3
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING DR. UMER FAROOQ
DIGITIZATION
 A sampling process is the process to sample an analog signal at a
certain period of time called the sampling interval.
 A quantization process is the process to round up the values of

the discrete-time signal to a finite set of possible values.
 Thus, the quantization process will convert a DT continuous-

valued signal into a DT discrete-valued (digital) signal.
https://www.ted.com/talks/matt_mills_image_recognition_that_triggers_augmented_reality
4
SAMPLING & QUANTIZATION
X(t)
x(t)
DIGITIZATION
 A process to convert analog signals to encoded digital signal is
called digitization
SPATIAL RESOLUTION
Spatial Resolution
No. of Pixel No. of Bits
Each pixel typically consists of 8 bits (1 byte) for a Black and White
(B&W) image or 24 bits (3 bytes) for a color image-- one byte each for
Red, Green, and Blue.
INTRODUCTION: IMAGING
[Albrecht Dürer, 1525]
8
DIGITAL IMAGES & PIXELS

WHY DO WE PROCESS IMAGES?

IMAGE PROCESSING
EXAMPLES

IMAGE PROCESSING
EXAMPLES

12
IMAGE PROCESSING
EXAMPLES

IMAGE PROCESSING
EXAMPLES
DIDIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING DR. UMER FAROOQ 14

IMAGE PROCESSING
EXAMPLES

IMAGE PROCESSING
EXAMPLES

IMAGE PROCESSING
EXAMPLES
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING BY DR. UMER FAROOQ 17

IMAGE PROCESSING
EXAMPLES
IMAGE PROCESSING
EXAMPLES
IMAGE PROCESSING RELATED
FIELD
BIOMETRIC SYSTEM
Biometric
Physiological Behavioral
Facial Signature- Keystroke-

Finger-scan Iris-scan Retina-scan Hand-scan Voice-scan
Recognition scan scan
KEY STAGES IN DIGITAL
IMAGE PROCESSING
IMAGE PROCESSING
IMAGE PROCESSING
IMAGE PROCESSING
IMAGE PROCESSING
IMAGE PROCESSING
IMAGE PROCESSING
IMAGE PROCESSING
IMAGE PROCESSING
IMAGE PROCESSING
COLOR COMPONENTS

IMAGE PROCESSING TOOL BOX
Types of Images
1)Gray Scale Gray Scale
2)Binary
3)Color (RGB)
Gray Scale (2D)
4)Indexed Color
Data Types
The most common data types of the individual Red
pixels are Green

1)Uint8 Blue
2)Unsign Integer (data range 0 …… 255)
3)Double (double precision)
Color (3D)
4)Float (data range 0.0 …… 1.0
5)Binary (data range 0.0 & 1.0 only)
fabric = imread('fabric.png');
figure(1), imshow(fabric), title('fabric');
imshow(segmented_images(:,:,:,2)), title('red objects');
imshow(segmented_images(:,:,:,3)), title('green objects');
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING BY DR UMER FAROOQ 34
imshow(segmented_images(:,:,:,4)), title('purple objects');
imshow(segmented_images(:,:,:,5)), title('magenta objects');
imshow(segmented_images(:,:,:,6)), title('yellow objects');

figure()
imshow(segmented_images(:,:,:,1)), title('red objects');
figure()
imshow(segmented_images(:,:,:,2)), title('green objects');
figure()
imshow(segmented_images(:,:,:,3)), title('blue objects');
figure()
imshow(segmented_images(:,:,:,4)), title('magenta objects');
figure()
imshow(segmented_images(:,:,:,5)), title('cyan objects');
A = segmented_images(:,:,:,1);
B = segmented_images(:,:,:,2);
C = segmented_images(:,:,:,3);
D = segmented_images(:,:,:,4);
E = segmented_images(:,:,:,5);

>> a=imread (‘cameraman.tif’); >> colormap (spring)
>> imshow (a)
>> figure () % create blank image Color
>> subplot(2 2 1); SPRING
>> imshow (a) >> impixelinfo
>> b=imread (‘circles.tif’);
>> subplot(2 2 4); (x,y)
>> imshow (b) right click & copy
>> imfinfo (‘cameraman.tif’) >> right click & paste ….. Returns intensity of pixel
>> imfinfo (‘circles.tif’)
>> size (a) %rxc >> img1=uint8(zeros (512, 1024));
>> a(100, 200) % pixel intensity value >> imshow (img1)
>> colormap (jet)
>> img2=uint8(255 * (512, 1024));

>> imshow (img2)
Color JET

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SST513 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

Ref. Books: Course Text Book:

 A quantization process is the process to round up the values of

 Thus, the quantization process will convert a DT continuous-

No. of Pixel No. of Bits

DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING DR. UMER FAROOQ 9

DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING DR. UMER FAROOQ 10

DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING DR. UMER FAROOQ 11

DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING DR. UMER FAROOQ

DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING DR. UMER FAROOQ 13

DIDIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING DR. UMER FAROOQ 14

DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING DR. UMER FAROOQ 15

DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING DR. UMER FAROOQ 16

DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING BY DR. UMER FAROOQ 17

Facial Signature- Keystroke-

DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING BY DR. UMER FAROOQ 32

pixels are Green

imshow(segmented_images(:,:,:,2)), title('red objects');

imshow(segmented_images(:,:,:,3)), title('green objects');

imshow(segmented_images(:,:,:,5)), title('magenta objects');

imshow(segmented_images(:,:,:,6)), title('yellow objects');

DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING BY DR. UMER FAROOQ 35

DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING BY DR. UMER FAROOQ 36

>> img2=uint8(255 * (512, 1024));

DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING BY DR. UMER FAROOQ 37

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