NETWORK ANALYSIS

 Network analysis refers to a number of

techniques for the planning and control of
complex projects.
 The two most frequently used forms of
network planning are:
1. Program Evaluation and Review Technique
(PERT)
2. Critical Path Method (CPM)
 NETWORK
 A network is a graphical diagram consisting
of certain configuration of arrows and nodes
for showing the logical sequence of various
tasks to be performed to achieve the project
objective.
 PERT and CPM

PERT: Program Evaluation and

Review Technique
CPM: Critical Path Method

 Graphically displays project activities

 Estimates how long the project will take
 Indicates most critical activities
 Program Evaluation and Review
Technique (PERT)

 PERT is a network analysis technique

used to estimate project duration when
there is a high degree of uncertainty about
the individual activity duration estimates.
 Critical Path Method (CPM)
 CPM is a network diagramming technique
used to predict total project duration
 Critical Path is the longest sequence of
activity on a project that carry zero free
float / slack.
 Slack or float is the amount of time an
activity may be delayed without delaying a
succeeding activity or the project finish
date
Fundamental Elements of PERT/CPM
Fundamental Elements of PERT/CPM
 (AOA) and (AON) networks
1.Activities on nodes (AON): The nodes in the graph represent the activities
of the project, and the arrows show the relationship with the immediate
predecessor.
2.Activities on arrows (AOA): The arrow indicate the activity and their
starting and terminating points are represented by the nodes.
Situations in Network Diagram
 EXAMPLE

A C F

S H
E
B D G
 ELEMENTS OF NETWORK DIAGRAM

 Early Start (ES) – The earliest time that an

activity can start
 Early Finish (EF) – The earliest time that an
activity can finish
 Late Start (LS) – The latest time that an
activity can start
 Late Finish (LF) – The latest time that an
activity can finish
 Forward and Backward Pass
 Forward pass is a technique
to move forward through
network diagram to
determining project duration
and finding the critical path or
Free Float of the project.
 Backward pass represents
moving backward to the end
result to calculate late start or
to find if there is any slack in
the activity.
Rules for Forward and
Backward Pass
 EXAMPLE
ES Activity EF
LS Duration LF

2 C 4 4 F 7
0 A 2
2 2 4 10 3 13
0 2 2

4 E 8 13 H 15
STAR 4 4 8
END
13 2 15
T

0 B 3 3 D 7 8 G 13
1 3 4 4 4 8 8 5 13
EXAMPLE
 GANTT CHART
 A Gantt chart is a commonly used graphical depiction
of a project schedule. It's a type of bar chart showing
the start and finish dates of a project's elements such
as resources, planning, and dependencies.
 S-CURVE
 The construction s-curve is a graphical report
which displays the cumulative progress of a
project and is a tool which construction
companies use to track a specific metric over
time.
 Applicable to all types of project
management, the purpose of a construction
s-curve is to make sure that the project is
tracking according to what was planned, so
that it finishes on time and on budget.
 S-CURVE

It can be seen where the actual

progress line is above the planned
curve with a positive variance of 7.0%
(Ahead of Schedule). It shows the
actual progress curve below the
planned curve with a negative variance It shows the actual progress curve
of 5.0% (Behind Schedule). below the planned curve with a
negative variance of 5.0% (Behind
Schedule).