CHAPTER II:

REVIEW OF
RELATED
LITERATURE AND
STUDIES
Presented by: Thea Angelika R. Jardin BSSW-AS42
TOPICS
Related Literature and
Studies about:

 Gender Roles in School

 Impacts of Gender
Roles towards Students

20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 2

 GENDER ROLES IN SCHOOL

“The school environment influences the gender

differentiation through two sources: teachers and peers.
Teachers have a direct impact on the gender difference in
the way how they differ boys and girls in the process of
opportunities offered to them and the way of evaluation.
Teachers use the curriculum that uses gender
stereotypes behaviors and peers manifest this behavior
and attitude of gender stereotypes. The children
internalize gender stereotypes and turn them in
preference and common attitudes.”

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IMPACTS OF GENDER ROLES IN
SCHOOL

“Cultural expectation can impact on educational

outcomes of boys and girls. According to cognitive
psychologists, once traditional stereotypes of ‘boy
things’ and ‘girl things’ are firmly established in a
child’s mind, they tend to color and even distort what
the child perceives and remembers (Wortman, Loftus
& Marshal, 1992). According to Siann and Ugweubu
(1980) the inability of girls to perform well at later end
of secondary school and at the university is due to the
widely held expectation that in marriage, a man is the
chief wage earner while the woman is the chief
homemaker. This expectation is held in many cultures
and can be detrimental to gender participation in a
range of activities.”

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 IMPACTS OF GENDER
ROLES IN STUDENTS

“Gender roles expectations show impact on

underachievement and creativity of students (Kim K.H.,
Zabelina D.L., 2011). Although underachievement
individuals perform below ones’ ability level, but they are
seen to have high creative potentials. Creative individuals
choose to separate themselves from social norms, they are
often rebellious, argumentative, selfish, stubborn, and
independent, ready to take risks with strong perseverance,
however, those who are afraid to be seen as deviant
sacrifice their creativity to maintain their masculinity and
femininity which generate emotional issues and other
problems.”

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IMPACTS OF GENDER ROLES
IN STUDENTS

“Schools subtly convey messages to girls indicating that

they are less intelligent or less important than boys. For
example, in a study of teacher responses to male and
female students, data indicated that teachers praised
male students far more than female students. Teachers
interrupted girls more often and gave boys more
opportunities to expand on their ideas (Sadker and
Sadker 1994). Further, in social as well as academic
situations, teachers have treated boys and girls in
opposite ways, reinforcing a sense of competition rather
than collaboration (Thorne 1993). Boys are also
permitted a greater degree of freedom to break rules or
commit minor acts of deviance, whereas girls are
expected to follow rules carefully and adopt an obedient
role (Ready 2001).”

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THANK
YOU!