Bio fuels

An Alternate Fuel

SHARAD DWIVEDI
ME-3-B
(1416440136)
 CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION
 HISTORY
 NEED OF BIO-FUEL
 TYPES OF BIO-FUEL
 BIO-DIESEL
 APPLICATIONS
 BIO-FUELS VS FOSSIL FUELS
 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF BIO-FUEL
 CONCLUSION & REFERENCES
 INTRODUCTION

The common used biofuels are bio-ethanol, bio-diesel and bio-

methane.
Bio-fuel is the fuel which is produced from organic products and
wastes.
 Bio-ethanol is made from sugar, algae, wheat and sugar beet
 Bio-diesel is made from vegetable oil, algal lipids, animal fats
 Bio-methane can be produced from waste organic material,
sewage, agriculture waste and domestic wastes.
Two types of energy sources

Sources

Renewable

Non-
renewable
Two types of energy sources

Non-renewable Renewable
• Oil • Solar energy
• Natural gas • Hydro power
• Coal • Bio-fuel
• Biomass
• Tidal energy
• Wind energy
• Geothermal
• Nuclear energy
 History

 In 1890s Rudolf Diesel was a first person who made bio-diesel from vegetable
oil.

 In 1970s and 1980s environmental protection agency (EPA) situated in

America suggested that fuel should be free from sulphur dioxide, carbon
monoxide and nitrogen oxides.

 In 1998 EPA allowed the production of bio-fuel on commercial level which

was the alternative source of the petrol.

 In 2010 the production of biofuels reaches up to 105 billion liters worldwide.

 In 2011, European countries were the largest that made bio-diesel almost
about 53%. The international Energy Agency set a goal to reduce the usage of
petroleum and coal and will be switched on to biofuels till 2050.
World Energy Consumption
 World Energy scenario

7% 2% 1%
11%
35%

Oil
Coal
Natural gas
Renewable source
Nuclear
21% Hydro
Other sources
24%
 WHY BIOFUEL?

There are many reasons why we are interested

in biofuels:
To reduce our dependence on fossil fuels
To reduce reliance on foreign oil
To lower emissions of greenhouse gases
To bring business to rural economics
 Types of biofuels

 1st Generation Biofuels

Also called conventional biofuels. It includes sugar, starch, or vegetable oil

 2nd Generation Biofuels

known as advanced biofuels and can be manufactured from different types
of biomass. The biomass contains lignocellulosic material like wood, straw
and waste plastic

 3rd Generation Biofuels

Extract from algae mostly marine algae

 Bio-Fuel Feedstock

Soyabean Corn Sugarcane Sugar Beat

Switchgrass Jatropha Camelina Algae

 ADVANTAGES OF BIOFUELS

 There is no emission of hazardous gases

 Locally available in every region of the world.
 Friendly with the environment, so they do not cause global
warming
 The energy release per unit mass of biofuel is greater than
the energy released from the unit mass of fossil fuels.
 DISADVANTAGES OF BIOFUEL

 High Cost Of Production

(They are Quite Expensive )
 Monoculture

(Producing same Crop Year After Year)

 Use of Fertilizers
(Causes Water Pollution as They Contains Nitrogen
And Phosphorous)
Common Types of Biofuels

Bioethanol

Biobutanol Biofuels Biodiesel

Biogas
 Biodiesel

 Biodiesel, an alternative diesel fuel, is made from re-new

able biological sources such as vegetable oils and animal
fats.

 The Biodiesel can be prepared by Transesterification.

5
Bio-fuel vs fossil fuels
APPLICATION OF BIODIESEL

 Railway usage
 Aircraft use
 As a heating oil
 Cleaning oil spills
 Biodiesel in generators
 Vehicles
 CONCLUSION

 Biofuel production has leads to:-

 Rural electrification.
 Improving agriculture.
 Job creation.
 Power to local community.
 REFERENCES
 Abbi M., Kuhad R.C., Singh A.(1996). Bioconversion of pentose
sugars to ethanol by free and immobilized cells of Candida
shehatate: Fermentation behaviour, Process
Biochemistry.31(6):555-560.
 Brandberg T., Karimi K., Taherzadeh M., Franzen C J.,
Gustasson L.(2007). Continuous fermentation of wheat
supplemented lignocellulose hydrolysate with different types of
cell retention, Biotechnology Bioengineering.98(1):80-9
 Cardona C.A., Sanchez O J.(2007). Fuel ethan-ol production:
process design trends and integration opportunities,
Bioresource Technology.
 Oura E.(1977). Reaction products of yeast fermentation,
Process Biochemistry.