GRAMMAR SUMMARY UNIT 6

to + infinitive
We use the to + infinitive form of the verb in different situations.
verb + to + infinitive
Sometimes, two verbs appear together in a sentence. The form of the second
verb depends on the first verb. After many verbs (e.g. decide, help, hope, intend,
learn, need, plan, pretend, promise, want, would like) the second verb has the
form to + infinitive.
I need to go to the shops.
We decided to move abroad.
adjective + to + infinitive
When a verb appears after an adjective, it often has the form to + infinitive:
It’s exciting to visit new places.
It’s nice to see you again.
 Exercise 1
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infinitive explaining the purpose of an action
We also use the to + infinitive form to say why we do something.
I went to the library to look for a book.
She’s going to Paris to visit a friend.
We don’t use for + verb to give reasons.
I called Jan for invite her to my party.
I called Jan to invite her to my party.
Note that the negative of to + infinitive is not to + infinitive.
I promise not to do that again.
It’s important not to work too hard.
See Unit 2 for when we use the -ing form of the verb.

 Exercises 2 and 3

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future forms
Present continuous
We use the present continuous to talk about a fixed arrangement in the future,
for example when we have agreed something with other people or when we
have already spent money. We normally mention a specific time.
We’re getting the train at 11.20 a.m.
I’m going to the theatre with Michele tonight.
be going to
We use be going to + infinitive to talk about general plans and intentions.
I’m going to travel around Asia this summer.
We’re going to go to the cinema this weekend.
We form questions and negatives with going to in the same way as in the
present continuous.
I’m not going to have time to see you.
Are you going to drive to the party?

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will
We use will + infinitive (without to) when we make a decision while we’re
speaking.
A: What can I bring you?
B: I’ll have the tuna salad, please.
We also use will to make promises and offers.
We’ll meet you at the train station.
I’ll pay for your ticket.

 Exercises 4, 5 and 6

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Exercises
1 Complete the text with the to + infinitive form of the verbs in the box.

Yesterday was a special day for Michael Sanders. At the age of 75, he
finished his university studies. ‘I always intended 1 ____________
to go to
university,’ says Michael. ‘But when I finished school, I decided
2 ____________
to start my career, not study.’ However, Michael always had his
dream, and he didn’t give up. He was 80 when he started his university
course, and it wasn’t easy. ‘I found it hard 3 ____________
to study after such a
long time. But the other students were great. They helped me
4 ____________
to organize my studies so I always finished my work on time.’ And
Michael’s not finished – he hopes 5 ____________
to stay at the university for
another year and do another course. ‘It’s exciting 6 ____________,’
to learn he
says. ‘I really enjoy it.’

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2 Match the beginnings of the sentences (1–8) with the endings (a–h).

a 1 I’m saving money

g 2 She went to the university library
c 3 Let’s go to a café
h 4 He called me
d 5 We went to the park
f 6 I looked out of the window
b 7 He turned on his computer
e 8 You need to work hard
a to buy a new car.
b to check his email.
c to get some lunch.
d to have a walk.
e to pass your exam.
f to see the weather.
g to study.
h to tell me his news.

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3 Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.
1 I can’t stand staying / to stay inside all day.
2 I think it’s easy learning / to learn a new language.
3 Jack helped me to fix / fixing my car.
4 I would like to visit / visiting China one day.
5 I’m not very good at to paint / painting.
6 I went to the shop for buying / to buy some milk.
7 Eating / To eat vegetables is good for your health.
8 I was happy hearing / to hear about your new job.

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4 Complete the sentences with the going to form of these verbs.

1 I _______________
’m going to see that new crime drama tonight.
2 _______________
Are you _______________
going to come to our party tomorrow?
3 Tanja _______________
’s going to have a baby in December.
4 Mathieu _______________
’s going to spendsix months in Australia later this year.
5 I ’m
__________________
not going to get married until I’m at least 40!
6 _______________
Are we _______________
going to miss our train?
7 We __________________
aren’t going to go on holiday this summer.
8 I ________________
’m going to start university in September.

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5 Choose the best option to complete the dialogues.

1 A: This bag’s heavy.

B: I’ll help / I’m helping you to carry it!
2 A: The coffee’s finished!
B: Oh no! I’ll go / I’m going to the shop and get some.
3 A: Where’s Sarah?
B: She’s not here yet. Her train is arriving / will arrive at 16.32.
4 A: Do you have plans for tonight?
B: I’m going to go / I will go to the cinema. I just booked my tickets.
5 A: I can’t wait until the exams are finished.
B: I know. I’m going to have / I’ll have a holiday after they finish.

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6 Choose the best explanation (a–b) for the sentences (1–5).

a 1 I’m visiting my friend John in Manchester this weekend.

a We planned this together and I already have my train ticket.
b This is an idea but I’m not totally sure.
b 2 I’m going to go travelling when I finish my university course.
a I’ve already decided where to go and I’ve booked some hotels.
b This is my idea, but I haven’t booked anything.
a 3 It’s raining. I’ll take you to the shops in my car.
a I just decided this now.
b We organised this earlier.
b 4 I’m getting a new computer this week.
a I’m going to look in the shops for a good one.
b I already paid for it and I’m waiting for it to arrive.
b 5 I’m going to join a gym this month.
a I made an appointment at a gym for this Friday at 10 a.m.
b This is my idea, but I haven’t organised anything yet.

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teaching purpose only. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
p. 167