COMPUTER LANGUAGES

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By:- Vihan Arora

 Third Generation
Language
High Level
language
Fourth generation
Language
Computer
Languages
Binary Language
Low Level
Language
Assembly language
Computer languages - are used to communicate with the computer
, to write programs for computer to perform certain functions. It
consists of vocabulary rules.

Program – Set of instructions which tell the computer to carry on

required action is called program.

Syntax - Rules for writing statements in a computer language

 MACHINE LANGUAGE (1 ST
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
GENERATION LANGUAGE) ( 2ND GENERATION LANGUAGE)

 It is expressed in binary form: 0 meaning ‘Off’ state

and 1 meaning ‘on’ state  This language uses mnemonic codes or
 This is the only language a computer understands symbols
 Also known as Low Level Language
Assembly language has to be converted into
 Advantages: High speed and very low memory
utilization machine language by translator program
 Disadvantages: Understanding and learning machine known as assembler
language is difficult and difficult to write.
 Also know as low level lanugae
WHAT IS HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE(HLL)

• This language uses English words and mathematical operators. Interpreters

and compilers are required to convert HLL into Machine language.
• It is the closest language to human
 THIRD GENERATION, FOURTH GENERATION AND
FIFTH GENERATION LANGUAGE
THIRD GENERATION
LANGUAGE
 This language uses English
words and mathematical
operators.
 Simple and user friendly
 HLL has to converted into
machine language by Translator
programs called Interpreters and
comlilers.
FIFTH
FOURTH GENERATION GENERATION
LANGUAGE LANGUAGE
 The fourth-generation languages,  Based on solving problems
or 4GL, are languages that consist of
using constraints rather than
statements similar to statements in a
algorithms.
human language. Fourth generation
languages are commonly used in  Its more intuitive and
database programming and scripts commands are highly
examples include Perl, PHP, Python, sophisticated.
Ruby, and SQL.30-Jun-2019
 INTERPRETER
Interpreter:
Translator program that converts HLL program into machine language line by line,
executes the instructions and then repeats the procedure for the remaining instructions.
If errors found they are removed immediately. Converted form is not stored anywhere,
as generated during execution hence low memory utilization. Slow execution speed.

Interpreter
Program written in Program Converted
HLL into Machine language

Source Object
Code/Program Code/Program
 COMPILER
Translator program used to convert HLL programs to machine language, whole
program at once. It generates the object code for the program along with the
list of errors. Execution speed is faster than Interpreter.

Comparison
Compiler Interpreter
Translates the whole program at once Translates line by line. Translates
Translates all executes in one go Executes . Moves the next line
for translation.
List of errors generated after complete Errors need to be removed as generated
translation
Object code stored. Higher Utilization Translated form not stored anywhere but
generated at time of execution. Low
memory utilization
Execution speed Higher Execution speed low