DRUG EDUCATION AND

VICE CONTROL

1
 OUTLINE OF THE
LECTURE
 Causes and influences of drug abuse;
 Adverse and ill-effects of drug abuse;
 Sources of prohibited and regulated drugs
 Aspects of drugs education and enforcement
of drug-related laws;
 Treatment and rehabilitation of drug
dependents;
 Scope and objectives of “The Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002”
 Kinds of Vices
2
 DRUGS

 Any chemically active substance

rendering a specific effect on the
central nervous system of man.
 A chemical substance that affects
the processes of the mind and body
 It can either be natural and
synthetic/artificial.
3
 When are drugs harmful?
 Any drug may be harmful when
taken in:
Excess;
Dangerous combinations;
By hypersensitive (allergic)
person
4
THE GANG OF THREE (3)
 S- Smoking
 A- Alcoholism
 D- Drugs

5
 TOBACCO (Cigarettes)
and Alcohol are “gateway”
drugs. No Child and or
adolescent ever smoke
marihuana without
learning how to inhale
tobacco smoke first. Ask a
drug abuser whether or
not they started with
alcohol, or cigarette; the
answer is always “YES”.

6
 Smokers’ Bio-data
My name is Philip Morris, My
brothers are Dunhill and Salem. I
live in Marlboro City, USA, my
favorite game is Bowling Gold.
My greatest opponent is Winston. I
need to practice More. If it is my
Fortune, I may win this
competition. If not, I just Hope
and pray that Mighty Father will
help me become Champion
someday. Mark my word! 7
Tobacco Chemicals

8
Effects of Tobacco Use

9
10
11
Caffeine
 It’s the most widely used mood-altering
drug in the world and is routinely ingested
by about 80% to 90% of Americans,
primarily through soda and coffee. A daily
brewed cup of joe, with 100 mg of caffeine,
can lead to physical dependence.
Withdrawal symptoms are experienced by
40% to 70% of those trying to quit.
13
Natural -
anything that
comes from
nature.
Plants (Marijuana)

Synthetic - anything
that is produced
artificially or
processed in the
Ecstasy Shabu laboratory. 14
 Categories of Drugs
 Herbal =plants and substances that have drug
effects. Some are regulated by law.
 Over the counter – those legally sold or
dispensed without prescription.
 Prescription drugs = those that can be legally
sold only to physicians or through physician’s
order/prescription.
 Unrecognized drugs = those that are not
usually considered drugs.
 Illicit drugs = their sale, use or administration
is generally prohibited by law. 15
 DRUG ABUSE
 Deliberate use of medically useful drugs
which have the capacity to alter mood and
behavior without the benefit of a prescription.
 It refers to the use of a medically useful
mood-altering drug for a purpose different
from the one for which the drug has been
indicated.
 It refers to the use of a drug with such
frequency that it causes physical or mental
harm to the user or impairs social functioning.
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 DRUG DOSAGE

 A dose of a drug is the amount taken at one

time.
 The doses taken become an extremely
important part of drug abuse.

17
 Minimal dose – the amount needed to treat or
heal, that is, the smallest amount of drug that will
produce a therapeutic effect.
 Maximal dose – the largest amount of a drug that
will produce a desired therapeutic effect without
any accompanying symptoms of toxicity.
 Toxic Dose – the amount of drug that produces
untoward effect or symptom of poisoning.
 Abusive dose – the amount needed to produce
the side effects and action desired by an
individual who improperly uses it.
 Lethal dose – the amount of drug that will cause
death. 18
 DRUG DEPENDENCE
 Also called as DRUG ADDICTION.
 The users continue to take a drug over an
extended period of time.
 The users find it difficult to stop using the drug.
 The users stop taking their drug – only if their
supply of the drug is cut off, or if they are
forced to quit for any reason – they will
undergo painful physical or mental distress.
(Withdrawal Syndrome)
 Drug dependence may lead to drug abuse –
especially the illegal drugs
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TYPES OF DRUG DEPENDENCE

A. PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE - can only be

visible when drug intake is decreased or
stopped and an involuntary illness called the
withdrawal syndrome occurs.

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FORMS OF PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE
Tolerance
 Occurs when the body becomes accustomed to a
drug as the drug is repeatedly taken in the same
dose.
 It now requires ever- increasing larger doses to
achieve the same desired effect.
Addiction
 Severe craving for the drug even to the point of
interfering with the person’s ability to function
normally.
21
B. PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
- Exhibited when a user relies on a
drug to achieve a feeling of well- being.
Form of psychological dependence
Habituation
 Characterized by continuous desire for a
drug.
 A person believes that the drug is needed to
function at work or home because drugs often
produce an elated/ excited emotional state.
22
CLASSIFICATIONS OF DRUG ABUSERS
Situational Users
 Those who use drugs to keep them awake or for
additional energy to perform an important work.
 Individual may or may not exhibit psychological
dependence.
Spree Users
 School age users who take drugs for “kicks’, an
adventurous daring experience, or as a means of
fun.
 There may be some degree of psychological
dependence but little physical dependence due to
the mixed pattern of use. 23
Hard Core Addicts
 Those, whose activities revolve almost
entirely around the drug experience and
securing supplies.
 They show strong psychological dependence
on the drug.
Hippies
 Those who are addicted to drugs believing
that drug is an integral part of life.

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 ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION
 ORAL INGESTION - The drugs is taken by the
mouth and must pass through the stomach
before being absorbed into the bloodstream, the
one of the most common ways taking a drug.
 INHALATION - Drug in gaseous form enter the
lungs and are quickly absorbed by the rich
capillary system, it is probably the second most
commonly used route of drug administration.
 INJECTION - The drug can be administered into
the body by the use of syringe and hypodermic
needle in the following ways. 25
 Subcutaneous (SC) - Drug is administered by
injecting the drug just below the surface of the
skin; this is sometimes called “skin popping.”
 Intramuscular (IM) - Administration involves the
injection of a drug into a large muscle mass that
has a good blood supply, such as the gluteus
maximus, quadriceps, or triceps.
 Intravenous (IV) - The most efficient means of
administration which involves depositing drug
directly into the bloodstream, this is also the
most rapid method of drug administration.
26
 SNORTING - Inhalation through the nose of
drugs not in gaseous form, it is sometimes
inhaling a powder or liquid drug into the nose
coats of the mucous membrane.
 BUCCAL - The drug is administered by
placing them in the buccal cavity just under
the lips and the active ingredients of the drug
will be absorbed into the bloodstream through
the soft tissues lining of the mouth.
 SUPPOSITORIES - The drug is administered
through the vagina or rectum in suppository
form and the drug will also be absorbed into
27
the bloodstream.
28
28
 Family Problems

Parents who always quarrel

in front of the children.

Irresponsible
parents who don’t
have time for their
children.
29
 Peer Pressure/Curiosity

BAD Influence by
friends.

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Weak Personality, Desire to
Escape From Reality

Lack of self-
confidence and
inferiority complex.

31
POVERTY
 This is the most prevalent factor that prompt pushers
and abusers alike to indulge in dangerous drugs.
 Pushers were forced by the circumstances to the
retailing of prohibited drugs as a means or source of
livelihood.
 Many abusers use dangerous drugs as a vehicle to
escape the realities of poverty and its related
problems.
IGNORANCE
 Lack of knowledge and information about how
dangerous drugs look like, their bad effects, legal
ramifications or consequences and other aspects of
prohibited drugs 32
PARENTAL INFLUENCES
 Unhappy home, parents showing little or no
interest in their children, Abuses committed by
parents such as harsh physical punishments
 Lack of parental values; parents who are
permissive and liberal; parental neglect;
domestic violence; role modeling.

PEER INFLUENCES
 Drug using friends encourage, pressure even, a
youth to experiment with drugs.
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 DRUG TRAFFICKING
 Otherwise known as DRUG TRADE
 Generally refers to the sale and distribution of illegal
drugs
 It refers to the illegal process through which
narcotics and other illegal drugs are produced,
transported, and sold.
 Drug Trafficking is the illegal cultivation, culture,
delivery, administration, dispensation, manufacture,
sale, trading, transportation, distribution,
importation, exportation and possession of any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
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essential chemical.
 “Of 43 foreign terrorist
organizations, 19 are linked
to the global drug trade.”
According to Michael Braun,
Chief of Operations, US DEA
At “SOUTH2008” Conference 12/2008

35
 “25 percent of terrorism is
being funded by the money
generated by trafficking of
narcotic drugs.”
MK Sharma, zonal director,
Indian Narcotics Control Bureau,
Jammu and Kashmir
Quoted at conference at Univ of Jammu
2008

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SMUGGLING

37
 Drug Submarines
    

Seized in
Colombia

38
39
Working Against Smuggling

40
41
First Important Drug Traffic Route
Middle East
discovery, plantation, cultivation, harvest

Turkey
preparation for distribution

Europe
manufacture, synthesis, refine

USA 42
marketing
 Second Major Drug Traffic Route
 Drugs that originates from the Golden Triangle
Burma/ Myanmar

Laos
In Southeast Asia the
approximately produced 60% of
90% of opium in the eastern part
officially acknowledged source
Heroin.
Thailand
“Golden Triangle”
opium in the world,
of Asia. It is also the
of Southeast Asian 43
 Drugs that originates from the Golden Crescent

Iran

Afghanistan Pakistan

India
In Southwest Asia the “Golden Crescent is
the major supplier of Opium poppy, Marijuana
and Heroin products in the western part of Asia.
It produces at least 85% to 90% of all illicit
heroin channeled in the drug underworld market.
44
Drugs that originates from the Silver Triangle
Peru

Columbia Bolivia
45
 THE WORLD’S DRUG SCENE
A. Middle East
 The Becka Valley of Lebanon is considered to
be the biggest producer of Cannabis in the
Middle East.
 Lebanon is also became the transit country for
cocaine from South America to European illicit
drug markets.
B. Spain
 This is known as the major transshipment point
from international drug traffickers in Europe and
became “the paradise of drug users in Europe. 46
C. South America
 Columbia, Peru, Uruguay, and Chile are the principal
sources of all cocaine supply in the world due to the robust
production of the coca plants- sources of the cocaine drug.
 Columbia: Coca/Cocaine
D. Mexico
 It is known in the world to be the number one producer of
marijuana.
E. Philippines
 The second in Mexico as to the production of Marijuana .
 It also became the major transshipment point for the
worldwide distribution of illegal drugs particularly shabu
and cocaine from Taiwan and South America.
 It is noted that Philippines today is known as the drug
paradise of drug abusers in Asia. 47
Drug Syndicate
Columbian Medellin Cartel = founded in
1980’s by Pablo Escobar Gaviria.
Cali Cartel = founded by Gilberto
Rodriguez Orajuela (Don Chepe).
Newly emerged cocaine monopoly
which rise after the Columbian Medellin’
downfall.
Chinese Triad = oldest and biggest
organized crime groups which controls
the “Golden Triangle”. 48
Norte Del Valle & North Valley
Cartel (Columbia)= rose after the
Cali cartel and become the most
powerful organizations involved in
illegal drug trade.(Diego Leon
Montoya Sanchez)
Binondo-based Chinese
Syndicate, United Bamboo Gang
(Taiwan), 14K (Hong Kong), Green
Gang. 49
 Transshipment point
Hongkong =world’s transshipment
of all forms of heroin.
Spain = major transshipment point
for international drug traffickers in
Europe and become “the paradise
of drug users in Europe”.

50
Mexico = world’s number one
producer of Cannabis Sativa L.
Lebanon = largest producer of
cannabis in the Middle East and
also a transit country for cocaine
from south America to Europe.
Philippines = known as drug
paradise of drug abusers in Asia.

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 Philippine
Drug Situation

52
 Philippines - The Numbers
 Approximately 11.6 million drug abusers in 2012.
= (6.7 million in 2007)
 “Shabu” = P8, 000 to P12,000 per gram in 2012; in
quantities of 10 grams or more, the price can be as
low as P7000/gram.
= (3000 pesos per gram in 2007)
 Kilogram prices range from P 2.4 M to 3.6 M
= (Buy a kilo, package and sell it as 1000 grams,
double or even quadruple your investment) 53
 Maritime Smuggling

• Philippines to
Japan, Taiwan,
Malaysia, &
Indonesia

• China, Hong Kong,

& Taiwan to the
Philippines
54
Poro Point Sulu

Currimao
Go-fast Boats
Subic

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Contraband

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 Shabu Labs
• 2001-2004: most labs in Metro Manila
• After 2004: moved to provinces
• 50000+ kgs of shabu seized since 2007

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 CAR

REGION 1 MARIJUANA
REGION 2
PLANTATION
SITES

REGION 7

REGION 10
REGION 11

ARMM
` 1972: 9 sites
2007: 125 sites
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REGION 12
identified
F. India
 The center of the world’s drug map, leading to
rapid addiction among its people.

G. Indonesia
 Northern Sumatra has traditionally been the main
canabbis growing area in Indonesia.
 Bali Indonesia is an important transit point for
drugs en route to Australia and New Zealand.

H. Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand

 The most favorable sites of drug distribution from
59
the “Golden Triangle” and other parts of Asia.
I. China
 The transit route for heroin from the “Golden
Triangle” to Hongkong.
 It is also the country where the “epedra” plant is
cultivated- source of the drug ephedrine- the
principal chemical for producing the drug shabu.
J. Hong Kong
 The world’s transshipment point of all forms of
heroin.
K. Japan
 The major consumer of cocaine and shabu from
the United States and Europe.
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 COMMONLY ABUSED DRUGS
 Drugs that are commonly abused depending on
their pharmacological effects may be classified
into:
Sedatives
 Drugs which reduce anxiety and excitement
such as barbiturates, non-barbiturates,
tranquilizers and alcohol.
Stimulants
 Drugs which increase alertness and activity
such as amphetamines, cocaine and caffeine.
61
Hallucinogens/Psychedelics
 Drugs which affect sensation, thinking, self-awareness
and emotion.
 Changes in time and space perception, delusions (false
beliefs) and hallucinations may be mild or overwhelming,
dispensing on dose and quality of the drug.
 This includes LSD, mescaline and marijuana.

Narcotics
 Drugs that relieve pain and often induce sleep.
 The opiates, which are narcotics, include opium and
drugs derived from opium, such as morphine, codeine
and heroin.
62
 TYPES OF DANGEROUS DRUGS
A. DEPRESSANTS
 Also known as “downers”, are drugs which act on
and depresses the central nervous system causing
initial relaxation leading to drowsiness and sleep.
 Used of downers results to impairment of
judgment, hearing, speech and muscle
coordination.
 They dull the minds, slow down the body reaction
to such extends those accidental deaths and
suicides usually happen.
63
 SIDE EFFECTS & LONG TERM EFFECTS
DEPRESSANTS
 Loss of body control may result to bone fractures
 Impaired blood pressure regulation and balance
control
 Cognitive impairment, memory loss and pseudo-
dementia
 Nocturnal urinary incontinence
 Worsening sleep
 Respiratory problems
 Dependency
 Over sedation may lead to death 64
 TYPES OF DEPRESSANTS

A.1 Narcotics
 The term narcotic basically refers to drugs
that produce a depressant effect on the
CNS.
 Medically they are potent pain killers,
cough suppressant and active component
of anti-diarrhea preparations.

65
 OPIUM & ITS DERIVATIVES
A.1.1 Opium
 It is derived from the Oriental poppy plant papaver
somniferum.
 Raw opium is dark brown in color and is bitter in taste.
 Street name: “gum”, “gamot”, “kalamay” or
“panocha”.
A.1.2 Morphine
 It is the most important alkaloids and constitutes
about 10 % of the use raw opium
 Friedrich Serturner, isolated morphine from opium.
 Street Name; M, DREAMER, EMMA, EMSEL, Pulbos
66
67
Papaver Somniferum-
Opium Poppy

68
Poppy Cultivation

69
Opium Pod

70
Mature Pods Are
Lightly Cut

71
The Gum Oozes Out Overnight…

72
…And Is Collected The Next Day

73
Pods Also Contain Seeds
For Next Year’s Crop

74
…The Gum Is Converted to
Morphine Base in Crude Labs

75
Opium and Morphine Base Markets-
South West Asia

76
A.1.3 Heroin
 Most commonly abused narcotic in the world.
 It was discovered by Alder Wright (1896),
 Most powerful derivatives of Opium, bitterer
and commonly injected.
 Street Name: BLANCO, BROWN, SUGAR,
KABAYO, KENGKOY, GAMUT, MATSAKO,
PULBOS, SAPSAP, TINIK

77
Heroin Powder - (Mexico, Golden Crescent,
Golden Triangle, Columbia)

78
A.1.4 Codeine
 Also known as Methylmorphine.
 its effect is weaker in intensity. Cough
preparations.
 Street Name: SCHOOL BOYS
A1.5 Methadone
 A synthetic narcotic used as treatment of
heroin dependence but also fallen to abused.
 Other than methadone, other most commonly
known synthetic opiate substitute are
meperidine (demerol) and darvon.
79
A.2 Barbiturates
 are drugs used for inducing sleep in persons plagued
with anxiety, mental stress, and insomnia.
 Street Name: LILY, BALA, DOWNERS, YELLOW
JACKETS, BLUE HEAVENS
A.3 Seconal
 Sudden withdrawal from these drugs is even more
dangerous than opiate withdrawal.
A.4 Tranquilizers
 Are drugs that calm and relax and diminish anxiety.
 They are used in the treatment of nervous states and
some mental disorders without producing sleep.
80
A.5 Volatile Solvents
 Gaseous substances popularly known to
abusers as “gas”, “teardrops”.

A.6 Alcohol
 The king of all drugs with potential for
abuse.
 Most widely used, socially accepted and
most extensively legalized drug throughout
the world.
81
 B. STIMULANTS
 Also known as “Uppers” Drugs which induce
alertness, wakefulness, elevated mood,
increased speech, mental and motor activity,
relieve fatigue or boredom and decreased
appetite.
 E.g. Shabu, Cocaine, Ecstasy

82
IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF STIMULANTS

 Dilated pupils
 Increase in blood pressure / Heart rate /
Breathing rate / Body Temperature
 Involuntary muscle twitching
 Less hunger
 Slurred speech

83
 TYPES OF STIMULANTS
B.1 Cocaine
 The drug taken from the coca bush plant
Ertyroxylon coca understably called “snow” in
the junkie jargon.
 It is one of the strongest short acting
stimulants.
 Taken orally, injected or sniffed as to achieve
euphoria or an intense feeling of “highness”.
 Street Name: COKE, CRACK, DUST,
HEAVEN’s DUST, STARDUST, WHITE GIRL,
SPEED BALLS
84
Harvesting Coca Leaves

85
Extracting Coca

86
 Producing
Cocaine HCL

87
Original Use As An “Active
Ingredient”

88
89
“Coca-Cola was named back in 1885 for its
two "medicinal" ingredients: extracts of coca
leaves and kola nuts…

Coca-Cola didn't become completely cocaine-

90
free until 1929…”
Finished Cocaine-
One Kilogram Brick…

91
…And The User’s Line

92
Freebase
Smokable Cocaine Base

93
Crack
Smokeable Cocaine Base

94
BIGGEST
DRUG
THREAT?

95
B.2 Amphetamines
 Usually prescribed to reduce appetite and to relieve minor cases
of mental depression.
 This drug is representative of a broad class of stimulants known
as “pep pills”.
 Street Name: EYE OPENER, LID POPERS, UPPERS, HEARTS

B.3 Shabu/ “poor man’s cocaine”

 chemically known as methamphetamine.
 It is a CNS stimulant and sometimes called “upper” or “speed”. It
is white, colorless crystal or crystalline powder with a bitter
numbing taste.
 It can be taken orally, inhaled (snorted), sniffed (chasing the
dragon) or injected.
 It is considered as the most abused stimulants in the
Philippines. 96
 Street Name: SHASHA. SPEED, SPLASH, UABS, S, ICE, SHA
Methamphetamine

97
 Meth History
 Amphetamine synthesized in 1887 by
Romanian chemist, and sold as
decongestant
 Methamphetamine synthesized in 1893
in Japan (ephedrine reduction/red
phosphorous)
 Crystal methamphetamine (Shabu)
synthesized in 1919 in Japan
98
 Faces of Meth
(Courtesy Multnomah County Sheriff’s
Department, Oregon, USA)

The Human Toll of Shabu Abuse

103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
The Other Face of Meth

Wear Protective Gear

113
B.4 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine -
(MDMA) - “Ecstasy”
 It is a white, yellow or brown in color with
a bitter taste and comes in the form of a
tablet, capsule or powder.
 Its tablet form comes in various designs
and shapes hence it is dubbed as
“designer drugs”.

114
Ecstasy=MDMA

MDMA is a chemical analog of

Methamphetamine-
produces a stimulant effect like shabu + mild
hallucinogenic effect
115
 History of MDMA
 1912 - Studied as a diet pill by Merck
 1950’s - U.S. Govt briefly considered MDMA as a
possible chemical warfare agent (Project MK-Ultra)
 Late 1970s and early 1980s - some health care
professionals experimented with MDMA as an aid in
psychotherapy for patients. Patients were happy ‘til it
wore off...
 1980s - Increased abuse. Studies in animals showing
possible brain damage with MDMA
 1985 - Schedule I: Controlled Substances Act
 1990s - Brain damage and memory/learning deficits
confirmed in human abusers using recreational doses
116
CLANDESTINE MDMA PRODUCTION

NETHERLANDS 117
 MDMA
Production In
Europe

Netherlands

Germany
Belgium

France
118
Ecstasy

119
MDMA - Ecstasy

120
 Other designer drugs
 Rohypnol (“Roofies”) = sold in other
countries to treat insomia and to relieve
anxiety.
= reported to be ten times powerful than
Valium.
= users want to be accepted as “cool” and
“sexy”.
= it produce almost immediate
drunkenness and amnesia when dissolved
in alcoholic drinks.
121
=also called “the forget pill”.
 Gema-Hydroxy Butyrate (GHB) = it is
a natural substance found in the
central nervous system but was
cloned by chemist in the 1980’s and
sold in pill form as a natural diet and
sleep aid. It has many similarities to
Rohypnol thus, like Roofies it is used
as a “date-rape drug.

122
C. HALLUCINOGENS (PSYCHEDELIC)
 natural or synthetic psychoactive drugs
that produce reactions such as perceptual
alterations and changes in the state of
consciousness.
 They consist of a variety of mind-altering
drugs, which distort reality, thinking and
perceptions of time, sound, space and
sensation.

123
 IMMEDIATE EFFECTS
 Hallucinations/illusions
 Faster heart beat and pulse rate
 Bloodshot Eye/blurred vision/Rapid Eye Movement
(REM)
 Dry mouth and throat
 Forgetfulness/inability to think
 Altered sense of time/ disorientation
 Impaired reflexes, coordination and concentration
 Acute panic anxiety reaction
 “Food-trip” & sleepiness (MJ)

124
C.1 Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
 Derived from the fungus claviceps purpurea which infects wheat.
 It was discovered by Dr. Albert Hoffman while working in a Swiss
Pharmaceutical company.
 Known on the street as “acid”, it is the best known and most
powerful hallucinogens.
 Street name: XTC, ADAM, ESSENCE, HERBALS, E.
C.2 Mescaline
 Aka STP which stands for serenity- tranquility- peace- a drug
derived from the dried tops of the peyote cactus, a small cactus
native to Mexico.
 Street Name: CACTUS, BUTTONS, BEAN
C.3 Psilocybin
 hallucinogenic compound obtained in mushroom, psilocybe
Mexicana
 Street Name: MAGIC MUSHROOM 125
PEYOTE 126
PSILOCYBIN

127
C.4 Phencyclidine (PCP)
 considered as a danger and highly dangerous
drug because it can be easily synthesized,
 It is popularly known as angel dust.
C.5 Marijuana (Cannabis Sativa)
 Marijuana is a Mexican term meaning
pleasurable feeling.
 The flowering tops of both male and female
plant produce a sticky resin which contains
Tetrahydrocannabinol or THC.
 Street Name: Mary Jane, MJ, Flower,
Pampapogi, Brownies, Damo, Pot, Joint, Dope 128
Cannabis
Sativa-L
(Marijuana) 129
Industrial Hemp- Rope, Cloth, Etc.
Mainly from South Asia

130
Illicit Marijuana
(Recreational Hemp)

131
 Marijuana Cultivation-
Outdoor

                                      

132
…And Indoor

133
Hashish

134
Marijuana Eradication

Cut &
Burn

135
 Marijuana
Eradication

Aerial Spray

136
Organic Marijuana Eradication
137
 C. Field Test for Dangerous Drugs
DRUGS TEST USED COLOR REACTION
Opium Marquis Test Purple/Violet
Heroin Nitric Acid Yellow-Green
Morphine Nitric Acid Red Orange
Cocaine Cobalt Thiocyanate Blue
Barbiturates Dille-Kopanyi Test or Zwikker Violet/Blue
Test
Amphetamines Marquis Test Red/Orange-Brown
LSD Para Amino Benzoic Acid Purple
(PABA)/ Van urk test

Marijuana Duquenois-Levine Test or KN Red Bottom Layer

Test
Shabu Symone’s Test Purple 138
 REPUBLIC ACT 9165

COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 2002

 Signed June 7, 2002

 Published June 19, 2002

 Took effect July 4, 2002

PGMA signed RA 9165 on

June 7, 2002 and it took
effect on July 4, 2002.

139
139
Re-organization of the Philippine Drug
Enforcement System

The new Dangerous Drugs

Board (DDB) as the policy and
strategy formulating body.

Creation of …
 The Philippine Drug
Enforcement Agency (PDEA)
as its implementing arm.
140
140
 Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency

 A regular law
enforcement agency.
 Implementing arm of the
DDB.
 Responsible for efficient
and effective law
enforcement of all
provisions on any
dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and
essential chemicals. 141
141
 Destinations-PRC
A. Prison B. Rehabilitation C. Cemetery

142
 PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORCEMENT
AGENCY (PDEA)
 Headed by Director General with the rank of
Undersecretary, appointed by the President.
 The head of the PDEA is assisted by 2 deputies
Director General, with the rank of Assistant
Secretary, 1 for Operations and 1 for Administration,
also appointed by the President.
 In July 2002, PDDG Anselmo Avenido (Ret.)
appointed as first Director General of PDEA.
 On April 6, 2006, Gen. Dionisio R. Santiago (Ret)
appointed as PDEA Director General vice Anselmo
Avenido. 143
 PDEA Academy – shall be established either
in Baguio or Tagaytay, and in such other
places as may be necessary.
 - responsible in the recruitment and training of all
PDEA agents and personnel
 Recruits must be at least 21 years of age, with
proven integrity and honesty and a Baccalaureate
degree holder.
 The graduates of the Academy shall later
comprise the operating units of the PDEA after the
termination of the transition period of five years
during which all the intelligence network and
standard operating procedure of the PDEA has
144
been set up and operationalized.
 The Academy shall be headed by a
Superintendent, with the rank of Director.
He /she shall be appointed by the PDEA
Director General.
 The Narcotics Group of the PNP, the
Narcotics Divisions of the NBI and the
customs narcotics Interdiction Unit are
hereby abolished.

145
Transfer, absorption and integration
of all operating unit into PDEA

 Note: personnel absorbed and on detail

service shall be given until 5 years to
finally decide to join the PDEA.

146
 POWER AND DUTIES OF PDEA
 Cause the effective and efficient implementation
of the national drug control strategy,
 Enforcement of the provisions of Art II of this
Act,
 Undertake investigation, make arrest and
apprehension of violators and seizure and
confiscation of dangerous drugs,
 Establish forensic laboratories,
 Filing of appropriate drug cases,
 Conduct eradication programs,
 Maintain a national drug intelligence system, 147
 DANGEROUS DRUG BOARD (DDB)
 Created by virtue of Republic Act 6425
otherwise known as Dangerous Drug Act of
1972 subsequently repealed by RA 9165.
 the policy-making & strategy-formulating body
in the planning & formulation of policies &
programs on drug prevention & control.

 It shall develop and adopt a comprehensive,

integrated, unified and balanced national drug
abuse prevention and control strategy.
148
 POWER AND DUTIES OF DDB
 Formulation of Drug Prevention and Control
Strategy,
 Promulgation of Rules and Regulation to carry
out the purposes of this Act,
 Conduct policy studies and researches,
 Develop educational programs and info drive,
 Conduct continuing seminars and
consultations,
 Design special training,
 Maintain international networking,
149
 THREE (3) PERMANENT MEMBERS
 At least 7 years of training and experience in
the field of the ff: fields in law, medicine,
criminology, psychology or social work.
 Appointed by the president.
 One designated as the Chairman with the rank
of Secretary (with the term of 6 years) and the
two other regular members as undersecretary
(one with 4 years term and the other 2 years but
succeeding appointment will serve six years
and until their successors shall have been duly
appointed and qualified. 150
TWELVE (12) EX- OFFICIO MEMBERS
 Secretary or representative of the
following Department:

 DOJ, DOH, DND, DOF, DOLE, DILG,

DSWD, DFA, DepEd,
 Chairman CHED, NYC
 Director General - PDEA

151
TWO (2) REGULAR MEMBERS
 President of Integrated Bar of the
Philippines (IBP).

 Chairman or President of a non-

government organization involved in
dangerous drug campaign to be appointed
by the President.

 NOTE: The Director of NBI and Chief,

PNP are the permanent consultant of the
DDB. 152
 TERMS TO PONDER
 Administer – Any act of introducing any
dangerous drug into the body of any
person, with or without his/her knowledge,
by injection, inhalation, ingestion or other
means, or of committing any act of
indispensable assistance to a person in
administering a dangerous drug to him/her
unless administered by a duly licensed
practitioner for purposes of medication.

153
 Deliver– Any act of knowingly passing a
dangerous drug to another, personally or
otherwise, and by any means, with or
without consideration.
 Dispense– Any act of giving away, selling or
distributing medicine or any dangerous drug
with or without the use of prescription.
 Sell – Any act of giving away any dangerous
drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical whether for money or
any other consideration.
154
 Use– Any act of injecting, intravenously or
intramuscularly, of consuming, either by
chewing, smoking, sniffing, eating, swallowing,
drinking or otherwise introducing into the
physiological system of the body, and of the
dangerous drugs.

 Manufacture – The production, preparation,

compounding or processing of any dangerous
drug and/or controlled precursor and essential
chemical, either directly or indirectly or by
extraction from substances of natural origin.
155
 Cultivate or Culture – Any act of knowingly
planting, growing, raising, or permitting the
planting, growing or raising of any plant which is
the source of a dangerous drug.
 Clandestine Laboratory – Any facility used for
the illegal manufacture of any dangerous drug
and/or controlled precursor and essential
chemical.
 Den, Dive or Resort– A place where any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical is administered, delivered,
stored for illegal purposes, distributed, sold or
used in any form. 156
 Screening Test. – A rapid test performed to
establish potential/presumptive positive
result.
 Confirmatory Test – An analytical test
using a device, tool or equipment with a
different chemical or physical principle that
is more specific which will validate and
confirm the result of the screening test

157
 Protector/Coddler – Any person who knowingly and
willfully consents to the unlawful acts provided for
in this Act and uses his/her influence, power or
position in shielding, harboring, screening or
facilitating the escape of any person he/she knows
 Financier – Any person who pays for, raises or
supplies money for, or underwrites any of the
illegal activities prescribed under this Act
 Pusher – Any person, who sells, trades,
administers, dispenses, delivers or gives away to
another, on any terms whatsoever, or distributes,
dispatches in transit or transports dangerous drugs
or who acts as a broker in any of such
transactions, in violation of this Act. 158
 Drug Syndicate– Any organized group of two (2)
or more persons forming or joining together with
the intention of committing any offense
prescribed under this Act.

159
 COMPARISON OF RA 6425 AND RA 9165
RA 6425 of 1972
1. Dangerous drugs are
categorized as Regulated &
Prohibited
2. Accused can avail of Parole,
Pardon and Probation
3. Planting of evidence as a
violation applies only to Law
Enforcers
4. Penalties are lower
5. Quantity & quality of drugs
is considered in the imposition
of penalties
6. Procedures after arrest &
confiscation of drugs does not
involve other personalities
RA 9165 2002
All drugs are categorized as
Dangerous
Drugs
These privileges are curtailed
Applies to any person
Penalties has increased
It does not consider quality as
basis
for the imposition of penalty
Procedure after arrest &
confiscation of drugs has
become complicated
it requires the presence of other
160
personalities
 Clandestine Laboratory Established Under The
Following Circumstances Shall Be Considered
Aggravating Circumstances (Sec. 8)
 Conducted in the presence or with the help of
minor/s:
 Established within one hundred (100) meters of
a residential, business, church or school
premises.
 Secured or protected with booby traps
 Concealed with legitimate business operations
 Employment of a practitioner, chemical
engineer, public official or foreigner 167
 POSSESSION OF DANGEROUS
DRUGS (Sec.11)
 PENALTY - Life imprisonment to death and
fine ranging from Php 500k to 10m

 50 grams or more of SHABU

 500 grams or more of MARIJUANA
 10 grams or more for ANY DANGEROUS
DRUGS

168
 PENALTY- Imprisonment of 20 years and 1
day to life imprisonment and fine ranging
from Php 400k to 500k

 10 grams but not more than 50 grams of

SHABU
 300 grams or more but less than 500 grams
of MARIJUANA
 5 grams or more but less than 10 grams of
ANY DANGEROUS DRUGS
169
 PENALTY- imprisonment of 12 years
and 1 day to 20 years and a fine
ranging from Php 300K to 400K

 Less than 10 grams of SHABU

 Less than 300 grams of MARIJUANA
 Less than 5 grams of ANY DANGEROUS
DRUGS

170
USE OF DANGEROUS DRUGS (Sec.15)

 1st offense- minimum of six (6) months

rehabilitation in a government center

 2nd offense- imprisonment ranging from 6

years and 1 day to 12 years and a fine
ranging from 50K to 200K, provided did
not violated section 12

171
 CUSTODY AND DISPOSITION OF CONFISCATED,
SEIZED, AND/OR SURRENDERED DANGEROUS
DRUGS..(SEC. 21)
 The apprehending team having initial custody
and control of the drugs shall, immediately after
seizure and confiscation, physically inventory
and photograph the same in the presence of the
accused or the person/s from whom such items
were confiscated and/or seized, or his/her
representative or counsel, a representative from
the media and the Department of Justice (DOJ),
and any elected public official who shall be
required to sign the copies of the inventory and
be given a copy thereof 172
 24 hours- upon confiscation or seizure,
quantitative or qualitative examination
 24 hours- Certification of Examination
results if the volume can’t be completed
within the time frame extended for another
24 hours.
 72 hours- after filling of criminal case,
court shall conduct ocular inspection.
 24 hours- order of destruction

173
PLEA-BARGAINING PROVISION (SEC. 23)

 Any person charged under any provision

of this Act regardless of the imposable
penalty shall not be allowed to avail of the
provision on plea-bargaining.

174
 LABORATORY EXAMINATION OF
APPREHENDED OFFENDERS (SEC. 38)
= If the apprehending or arresting officer has
reasonable ground to believe that the person
apprehended or arrested, on account of physical signs
or symptoms or other visible or outward manifestation
is under the influence of dangerous drugs.

 24 hours- subject to screening laboratory examination

 15 days- results of the screening laboratory

examination or test shall be challenged after receipt of
the result through a confirmatory test
175
MANDATORY DRUG TESTING
 applicants for drivers license (RA 10586)
 applicants for Firearms license & PTCFOR
 members of the PNP, AFP, & other LEA
 All persons charged with criminal offense
with penalty of not less than 6 years.
 All candidates for public office national/
local

176
RANDOM DRUG TESTING

 Students of secondary and tertiary schools

 Officers and employees of public & private

offices

177
JURISDICTION OVER DANGEROUS
DRUG CASES
 The Supreme Court shall designate
special courts from among the existing
RTC in each judicial region to exclusively
try and hear cases involving violation of
RA 9165.
 The DOJ shall designate special
prosecutors to exclusively handle cases
involving violation of RA 9165.
178
 APPLICATION FOR PROBATION
NOTE: As a General Rule Violations of RA 9165 shall disqualify
an offender to avail of the benefits of PD 968, as amended:
EXCEPT:

 Section 12. Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus

and Other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs.
 Section 14. Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus
and Other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs during Parties,
Social Gatherings or Meetings.
 Section 17. Maintenance and Keeping of Original Records of
Transactions on Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled
Precursors and Essential Chemicals.
 Section 70. Probation or Community Service for a First-Time
Minor Offender in Lieu of Imprisonment . 179
 PROCEDURE TO BE FOLLOWED IN
VIOLATION OF RA 9165
 Regional Trial Court (RTC)- Holds the Jurisdiction of
Violations of RA 9165
 30 days- Conduct of Preliminary Investigation
 24 hours- filling of information
 48 hours- Filling of information of the MTC judge who
conduct PI to the proper prosecutor.
 15 days- Termination of the reinvestigation when
prosecutor disagree to the MTC judge.
 60 days- Trial period of the case
 15 days- Decision shall be rendered
 15 days- If no appeal was taken the decision shall
become final. 180
 QUANTITY OF DRUGS USE FOR
SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS

 Not more than five (5) grams per

package/bag
 Not more than three (3) tablets for capsules
or tablets
 Not more than fifty (50 ml) for liquid solution
 Not more than ten (10 grams) for dried
leaves and not more than 2 plants.

181
 OPERATIONAL PLANS AGAINST THE DRUG
PROBLEM
 OPLAN Thunderbolt I – operations to create
impact to the underworld.
 OPLAN Thunderbolt II – operations to neutralize
suspected illegal drug laboratories.
 OPLAN Thunderbolt III – operations for the
neutralization of big time drug pushers, drug
dealers and drug lords.
 OPLAN Iceberg – special operations team in
selected drug prone areas in order to get rid of
illegal drug activities in the area. 182
 OPLAN Hunter – operations against
suspected military and police personnel who
are engaged in illegal drug activities.
 OPLAN Mercurio – Operations against drug
stores, which are violating existing regulations
on the scale of regulated drugs in coordination
with the DDB/DOH and BFAD.
 OPLAN Tornado – Operations in drug
notorious and high profile places.
 OPLAN Green gold – NARCOM’s nationwide
MJ eradication operations in coordination with
the local governments and NGO’s. 183
 OPLAN Sagip-Yagit – A civic program
initiated by NGO’s and local government
offices to help eradicate drug syndicates
involving street children as drug conduits.

 OPLAN Banat – the newest operational

plan against drug abuse focused in the
barangay level in cooperation with
barangay officials.

184
 VICES
 Any immoral conduct or habit, the
indulgence of which leads to depravity,
wickedness and corruption of the minds
and body.
THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF VICES
 Drug Addiction
 Alcoholism
 Prostitution
 Gambling
185
 IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY OF VICE
 The study of vice is important because these crimes
are ever present and persistent in all forms of
society.
 It is important because its evil effects are more
disastrous, morally and physically that other crimes.
 It is important because commercialized vice disrupt
the social make-up of the community.
 It is important because vice effect the daily lives of
more people that any other crime.
 It is important because its existence caused a
serious problem in law enforcement.
186
 POLICE PROBLEMS IN VICE CONTROL
 Clandestine nature of the commission of the
acts.
 Lack of cooperation from players, customers,
and victims of vices,
 Enjoyment of goodwill by vice operators
 Public apathy and indifference
 Unwilling government officials to work against
vice existence

187
 ALCOHOLISM
TERMS TO PONDER
 Alcoholism – state or condition of a person produced
by drinking intoxicating liquors excessively and with
habitual frequency. (State vs. Savage, 89 Ala. 17 LBA
426, 7 South, Rep. 183). It is a condition wherein a
person is under the influence or intoxicated with
alcohol. His physical condition and behavior has been
modified to a certain extent by the effects of alcohol.
 Alcoholic Liquor – is any beverages or compound,
whether distilled, fermented, or otherwise, which will
produce intoxication or which contains in excess of
one percentum of alcohol and is used as a beverage.
(State vs. Oliver, 133 S.C. 125, 130 S.S. Rep. 213). 188
 Drunkard – is a person who habitually takes or
use any intoxicating alcoholic liquor and while
under the influence of such, or in
consequence of the effect thereof, is either
dangerous to himself or to others,
 Chronic Alcoholics – person who, from the
prolonged and excessive use alcoholic
beverages, finally develops physical and
psycho-changes and dependence to alcohol.
The person consciously or unconsciously
begins to demand on alcohol’s narcotic
effects for a “pick-up”, to sleep at night, to feel
“good”, 189
 DRUNKNESS AS A CRIME
 In the Philippines, drunkenness in itself is not a
crime because a person may drink to excess in the
privacy of his home or in the party and commit no
crime at all.
 It is only when a drunken person exhibits his
condition publicly, or disturbs, endangers, or injured
others, that he became an offender and therefore,
subject to arrest and punishment.
 Before and during elections, it is unlawful to sell or
drink intoxicating liquor, as provided in the election
law.
 Under RA 4136, as amended, driving under the
influence of liquor is prohibited. 190
  Under Article 15 of the Revised Penal Code,
intoxication is considered as Alternative
Circumstances.
 It is considered a mitigating circumstance when
the offender has committed a felony in a state
of intoxication, if the same is not habitual.
 It is considered an aggravating circumstance,
when the intoxication is habitual or intentional.

191
 KINDS OF INTOXICATION
 Involuntary – when a drunken person does not
know the intoxicating strength of beverage he
has taken.
 Intentional – when a person deliberately drinks
liquor fully knowing its effects, either to obtain
mitigation or to find the liquor as stimulant to
commit crime.
 Habitual – when the person finds that drinking
his a constant necessary and the vice ultimately
takes hold of him.
192
 VARIOUS DEGREE OF
INTOXICATION
 Slight Inebriation – there is reddening of the
face. There is no sign of mental impairment,
in coordination and difficulty of speech.
 Moderate Inebriation – the person is
argumentative and overconfident. There is
slight impairment of mental difficulties,
difficulty of articulation, loss of coordination of
finer movements. The face is flushed with
digested eyeball. He is reckless and shows
motor in coordination.
193
 Drunk – the mind is confused, behavior is
irregular and the movement is uncontrolled.
The speech us thick and in coordinated. The
behavior is uncontrollable.
 Very drunk – the mind is confused and
disoriented. There is difficulty in speech and
marked motor incoordination and often
walking is impossible.
 Coma – the subject is stuperous or in
comatous condition. Sometimes it is difficult
to differentiate this condition with other
conditions having coma.  194
BRIEF EXPLANATION HOW A PERSON GETS
DRUNK
Alcohol has its maximum period of
absorption from 30 to 60 minutes after
ingestion and it is absorbed in the stomach
and in the intestines. Technically, if alcohol is
only inside the stomach and intestine and not
yet absorbed, it is practically outside of the
body because it cannot produce its
physiologic and neurologic effects.

195
 The rate of absorption of alcohol in the stomach and
intestine depends upon the following factors:
 Concentration and total quantity of alcohol taken.
 Nature of food present in the stomach and intestine.
 Fatty foods make absorption of alcohol slower as
compared with sugar and other carbohydrates and
protein.
 The length of time the gastric contents are held in the
stomach prior to the opening of the pylorus
 Permeability of the stomach and intestinal membrane to
alcohol.
 Chronic drinkers absorb alcohol faster than non-habitual
drinkers.
 Concentration of alcohol in the beverages between 10196
 FORMS OF CHEMICAL AND SCIENTIFIC
TESTS OF INTOXICATION

 Analysis of blood for alcohol contents

 Analysis of urine for alcohol contents
 Analysis of saliva for alcohol contents
 Analysis of breath to determine
concentration of alcohol
 Analysis of body tissue and spinal fluid

197
 THE BLOOD-ALCOHOL TEST
 This test is the most widely accepted and direct
method of determining the concentration of alcohol in
the blood. This is done by physician, nurse or
competent technician upon request of the police
investigator. The following are the present two
presumptive standards relating to the interpretation of
blood alcohol contents:
 If there is 0.05 percent or less by weight of alcohol in
a person’s blood, it shall be presumed that he is not
under the influence of intoxicating liquor.
 If there is 0.15 percent or more by weight of alcohol
in a person’s blood, it shall be presumed that he is
198
under the influence of intoxicating liquor.
THE URINE-ALCOHOL TEST:
 Urine examination to determine blood
alcohol contents gives an acceptable result to
the court although the use of this chemical
test is not yet widespread in our jurisdiction.
Sample of urine must not be taken at one time
only because urinary excretion of alcohol
varies with time. Excretion is less during the
early stage of absorption and may be more
than that in the blood during the later stage.

199
 METHODS OF THERAPY ON ALCOHOLISM
The Aversion Treatment
 This treatment seeks to create an aversion from
alcohol by the administration of a Nauseating
drug to be followed by a drink of liquor, and thus
develops a dislike of alcohol.
 The method maybe rather costly since
hospitalization maybe required.
 Moreover, the effect is not always lasting and
treatment must be repeated.
 Yet, it is said that this method has proven
effective in more than half of the cases. 200
The Psychotherapy Method
 This cure depends upon showing that the
real problem of the alcoholic is not the
Alcohol itself but the emotional problem
that led the alcoholics to drink.
 This method therefore, aims to eliminate
these emotional tensions.
 Through therapeutic interviews, it
undertakes to make the alcoholics aware
of why he drinks and to provide him with
the strength necessary to combat his
problems. 201
The Program of Alcoholics Anonymous
 This method is based on conversion and
fellowship.
 It emphasizes that alcoholics understand
alcoholism better than anyone else
 Man is dependent upon God and must turn
to Him for help; that the alcoholic must
sincerely desire to stop drinking
 He must admit that he is an alcoholic and
cannot drink in moderation.
202
 PROSTITUTION

TERMS TO PONDER
 Prostitution- It is an act or practice of a
woman who engage or habitually in sexual
intercourse for money or profit.
 White Slavery -The procurement and
transportation of women cross stateliness for
immoral purposes.

203
 Prostitute - A woman who engage in
discriminate sexual intercourse or acts with
males for hire.
 Pimp - One who provides gratification for the
lust of others.
 Operator or Maintainer – one who owns or
manages houses of ill-refute where the
business of prostitution is conducted.
Sometimes they are called  “madame or
mama san”.
 Whores/Knocker - It is a name often used
for all types of prostitute. 204
 CAUSES OF PROSTITUTION
 Poor social background and personality handicaps
are some of the basis for drift into prostitution.
 Previous sexual experience, mostly unfortunate
and in or out of wedlock.
 Contact with persons in or on the fringe of the
business of prostitution.
 Love for money and luxury on the part of the
prostitute.
 Lack of restraining check from neighbors, social
environments and laxity of social control much as
the agency for religious training and reforms.
205
 The influence of contraceptives and preventive
treatment for venereal diseases.
 Efforts to support another vices such as drug addiction
or alcoholism.
 For the unwilling prostitutes, they are victims of white
slave traffic such as kidnapping, keeping them under
physical restraint, forcible abduction of women and
victims of crime against chastity.
 The indifference of law enforcement authorities in
safeguarding the virtues of women and lack of courage
of the victim of white slave trade to pursue the
prosecution of cases they filed against the
perpetrators.
 Social causes of prostitution such as: broken families,
206
anonymity of city life, and poverty and other
 VAGRANTS AND PROSTITUTES (RPC)
 Any person having no apparent means of
subsistence, who has the physical ability to work
and who neglects to apply himself or herself to
some lawful calling.
 Any person found loitering about public or semi-
public building or places, or tramping or
wandering about the country or to the streets
without visible means of support.
 Any idle or dissolute person who lodges in houses
of ill-fame, ruffians or pimps and those who
habitually associate with prostitutes.
207
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10158
 Signed last March 27, 2012, amended Article
202 of the Revised Penal Code removing
vagrancy from the country's list of crimes amid
concerns it only targets the poor and the
disadvantaged.
 Although the poor or homeless people can no
longer be hauled to jail for vagrancy, the new
law continued to penalize women engaged in
prostitution.
 RA 10158, defined prostitutes as "women who
for money or profit, habitually indulge in sexual
intercourse or lascivious conduct." 208
 A person found guilty of prostitution is
punished by imprisoned from one to 30 days
or a fine not exceeding P200.
 In case of recidivism, they are punished by
arresto mayor in its medium period to prison
correctional in its minimum period or a fine
ranging from P200 to P2,000, or both,
depending on the court.
 With the enactment of the law, all pending
vagrancy cases meantime shall be dismissed
and all persons serving sentence for violating
the vagrancy law shall immediately be
209
released.
TYPES OF PROSTITUTES ON THE BASIS
OF OPERATION
CALL GIRLS
 These are the part-time prostitutes.
 They have their own legitimate work or profession but
works as a prostitutes to supplement their income.
Sometimes they are tellers, sales-ladies of department
stores, waitresses, beauticians, or engage in similar
jobs that they use to make contacts with customers.
 They receive telephone calls from a selected group of
customers and make arrangements to meet them at a
designated place.
 She may work alone or in partnership with an
intermediary with whom she shares her earnings. 210
HUSTLER
 Professional type of prostitutes.
 She maybe a bar or tavern “pick-up” or a “street
walker”.
 The bar or tavern “pick-up” frequents places where
liquor is sold, sometimes operating with the consent
and knowledge of the management.
 The streetwalker is the oldest and the most common
type of prostitute.
 She may work with taxi-drivers and commits
prostitution in a taxi-cab. Her common customers are
the tourists, gamblers, criminals, Addicts and others.
 Their operation is oftentimes associated with
swindling their customers. 211
DOOR KNOCKER
 This is the occasional or selective type of
prostitute.
 She is usually a newcomer in the business
Oftentimes, they are motivated by extreme
Desire for money due to poverty or
supporting their other vices.
 She makes contact thru information coming
from the professional and hustler who are
friends who gives her addresses of
prospective customers
212
FACTORY GIRLS

 Are the real professional type of prostitutes.

 She works in regular houses of prostitution or
brothels.
 She accepts all comers and has nothing to do
with the selecting and soliciting the customers.

 She works in regular hours or tour of duty

under the direct supervision of the madam or
operator of the prostitution house.
 She gets her share of the earnings by 213
 TYPES OF PROSTITUTION HOUSES
DISORDERLY HOUSES
 A “madam” or “maintainer” supervises the operation
supported by a staff of teller (cashier), bell or room boys
register clerks, watchmen, pimps and security guards
known as bouncer.
 Their operation appears to be a legitimate business
entity mostly under the protection of crooked policemen
or law enforcement authorities and their location is
prominently known to all their customers.
 They have number of small rooms with the prostitutes
staying there at where they wait for customers. At times
the house provided with secret exits ready for escaping214
in case of police raids.
FURNISHED ROOM HOUSE

 usually operated by an experienced “madam” who rent

rooms to legitimate roomers in order to maintain an
appearance of responsibility Purposely, the madam leaves
several rooms not rented to legitimate roomers for ready
use of the prostitution.
 These prostitutes are mostly the call girls who make the
room their designated places in perpetrating their business.
 Their rent is on per customers basis or they maintain the
rent continuously but the prostitutes do not live there
permanently but elsewhere to maintain their anonymity and
identity.
 These houses could be found mostly in flashy subdivision or
residential areas. 215
CALL HOUSES
 This is where the customers call and the madam
makes the arrangement and sends the girls by a
transporter who is a man or woman to the place
arrangement.
 The house appears to be a legitimate business
house such as service agencies, travel offices,
coffee shops, beauty parlors and the like duly
licensed and registered as such with the
government office.
 However, the telephone number is limited only to
qualified customers as recommended by their
pimps who conducts the background investigation
on the ability of the prospective customers to pay.
216
MASSAGE CLINICS
 These houses are operated under a licensed
or permit issued by the government but acts as
a front for prostitution where the act maybe
done or as per arrangement.
 They operate with barbershops with
manicurists or“attendants” and “massagists”
who while servicing their customers may make
contacts or the prostitutes or themselves.
 These prostitutes are sometimes the
newcomers in the business who do not earn
much as attendants or massagists.
217
 CONTROL AND PREVENTION OF
PROSTITUTION
THE SCHOOL OF REGULATORY CONTROL

 This method maintains the idea that we cannot

do away with prostitution unless we consider the
problems and remove the causes of prostitution.
 The following regulatory policy has been adopted
to provide the necessary protection for the
society.

218
 Segregation of brothels and soliciting to restricted
districts.
 Public licensing of houses of prostitution
 Registration of prostitutes to protect them from the
exploitation of white slave trade
 Periodic medical examination of prostitutes and public
health education.
 Legalization of the practice of prostitution under
government supervision and control to make it more
realistic.

219
 That arrest of prostitutes be handled by
non-police agencies but should betaken
care by social workers and medical
men.
 Finally, the rehabilitation of prostitutes
by providing them jobs and facilities to
earn a decent living.

220
 THE SCHOOL OF TOTAL REPRESSION

 This method believes that prostitution is both a

crime and a vice and therefore, should be
repressed and totally prohibited.
 It maintains that chastity and continence should be
the rule of conduct for everybody and to allow
prostitution would be to assist immorality and white
slave trade
 As to licensing of prostitution, this school of thought
argues that it invites men to enjoy promiscuity free
and easy and without fear of the law. 221
If you think LIFE
is too unfair to you…

How about to her...

Does she care LESS?
222
 THANK YOU and
GOOD LUCK to your
BOARD EXAM!!!

223