08/31/2023

CON
F IDEN
Segment 2: TIAL

Criminology,
Criminal Justice and
Criminalistics
 CO
TABLE OF CONTENTS NF
IDE
NT
IAL
01 Criminology and Criminalistics

02 Criminologist and Criminalist

03 Division of Criminalistics
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01
CRIMINOLOGY AND
CRIMINALISTICS
 CRIMINOLOGY
• The study of criminal people
• Criminologist is any person
who is a graduate of the Degree
of Criminology.
CRIMINALISTCS
• The study of criminal things or the
sum application of all sciences in
crime detection.
• Criminalist is a person trained in
forensic sciences; in the
application of instruments and
methods for the detection of crime.
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02
CRIMINOLOGIST
AND CRIMINALIST
 CRIMINOLOGIST
1. As a professor, insructor or teacher in criminology in any unversity,
college or school duly recognized by the government and teaches any of
the following capacities:
a. Law Enforcement
b. Criminalistics
c. Correctional Administration
d. Criminal Sociology and Applied Subjects
e. Other technical and specialized subjects in criminology curriculum
provided by the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) now
Commission of Higher Education (CHED)
 CRIMINOLOGIST
2. As a law enforcement administrator, executive, adviser, consultant or
agent in any government or private agency.

3. As a technician in dactyloscopy, ballistics, questioned document, police

photography, lie detection (polygraphy), forensic chemistry, and other
aspects of crime detection.

4. As a correctional administrator, executive, supervisor, worker or officer in

any correctional and penal instituition.
 CRIMINOLOGIST
5. As a counselor, expert, adviser, researcher in any government or private
agency or any aspects of criminal research or project involving the causes of
crime, juvenile delinquency, treatment of offenders, police operations, law
enforcement administration, scientific criminal investigation or public
welfare administration.
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03
DIVISION OF
CRIMINALISTICS
DIVISION OF
CRIMINALISTICS

Scientific Technical
 DIVISION OF
CRIMINALISTICS
The scientific subjects require the study of
science and mathematics before practical
Scientific training in the laboratory, while technical
subjects are usually learned directly by
practical training in the laboratory thru the
supervision of an experienced examiner.
Technical
 DIVISION OF
CRIMINALISTICS

Chemistry Biology Physics

 Scientific
• The original name of Criminalistics is Forensic
Chemistry which shows the significant role of the
chemist in the field of criminalistics.
• A chemist includes the following exertions, but not
limited to, alcohol analysis, toxicology, narcotic and
substance abuse testing, firearms and discharge
residues, identification of paint chips, chemical
Chemistry development of latent fingerprints and all types of
analysis through the use of chemical reagents and
electronic instruments.
 Scientific
• The duties of a physicist in a crime laboratory
include, but are not limited to firearms
identification, tool mark comparison, scientific
photography, finding out the speed and direction of
vehicles in case of traffic or vehicular accidents, and
use of X-Rays in the detection of crime.
Physics
 Scientific
• A biologist in a police laboratory studies all kinds of
living things - blood, semen, urine, hairs, and skin;
particularly skilled in the use of a microscope.
• The most important role in the biologist in
criminalistics is to examine bloodstains in order to
find out if they are of human or animal origin
Biology
 DIVISION OF
CRIMINALISTICS

Firearms Questioned Fingerprint

Identification Document Identification
Examination
 Technical

• It deals with the study regarding comparison and

identification of weapons (firearms) alleged to
have been used in the commission of crime.

Firearms
Identification
 Technical

• This technical division of criminalistics is

concerned with the examination of
forged,altered,or suspected papers, in order to
determine if they are genuine or not, that is, the
tenor or substance on the face of the documents
Questioned
Document
Examination
 Technical
• Document examiner, develops latent writing and
reveals erasures, alterations, intercalations and
changes; compares in, pencil, typewriting and
printed material of all the kinds of questioned and
standard documents through the use of ultra-
violet, infrared, transparent, and slopping light, as
Questioned well as advanced photgraphy.
Document
Examination
 Technical

• Is the cornerstone of Personal Identification.

• Fingerprint is a positive proof wherin law
enforcement agencies look upon the science as
the best evidence of positive identification

Fingerprint
Identification
 OTHERS
• Photography serves as an aid to firearms
examination, and fingerprint identification.
• An indispensable method in the field of
criminalistics because every criminalist should
know how to photograph evidence.
• Special Photography in criminalistics includes
micro photography, macro photography, infrared,
Photography ultra-violet and special light procedures.
 OTHERS
• One of the methods in crime detection.
• Polygraph machine merely measures certain
identifiable physical reactions as affecting the
respiratory rate, blood pessure/pulse rate and
galvanic sn resistance, in connection with the
application of a reliable questioning technique for
Lie Detection diagnosing deceptions.

or Polygraphy
END