PERSONAL

DEVELOPMENT
Week 1
TITLE: Knowing Oneself
Content Standards
• The learners demonstrate an understanding of himself/herself during
middle and late adolescence.
 
Performance Standards
• The learners shall be able to conduct self-exploration and simple disclosure.

Most Essential Learning Competencies

• The learners will explain that knowing oneself can make a person accept
his/her strengths and limitations and dealing with others better; and 
• The learners will share his/her unique characteristics, habits, and
experiences.
 ACTIVITY 1: WHO AM I?

•Instructions: List as many sentences

as you can that will define who you
think you are as a person.
ACTIVITY 2: A GLANCE OF HISTORY

Instructions: Read the information inside the box. Answer the question that follows.

Greek: γνῶθι σεαυτόν, Questions:

translated: gnōthi seauton   Why is it important that
The ancient Greek aphorism which is
translated in English as Know we know ourselves?
Thyself was written at the entry of   
the oracle of Delphi (ancient Greece)
by seven Greek philosophers,  
statement, and lawgivers. It became
the cornerstone of Western
philosophy.
 
 THE BACKGROUND OF “KNOWING THYSELF”

The most important thing to pursue is

self-knowledge. admitting one’s
ignorance is the beginning of
knowledge. It is seems ridiculous for
a person to investigate other
unimportant things when he has not
known his self yet. Socrates
 CONCEPT OF SELF
is the essence of a person: his thoughts, feelings, and actions, experiences,
beliefs, values, principles, and relationships. The self includes a person’s
life purpose, meaning, and aspirations.
is defined as the cognitive and affective representation of one’s identity, it
is then defined in terms of human characteristics such as behavior and
thoughts

in philosophical terms, it is the being, which is the source of a person’s

consciousness. It is the agent responsible for individual‘s thoughts and
actions. It is an intangible entity that directs a person’s thoughts and
actions which is outside the physical realm of the body.
 Nature, Nurture, and Personality

Personality refers to unique and relatively enduring set of behaviors, feelings,

thoughts, and motives that characterize an individual.
Personality is influenced by both nature (heredity or genetic make-up) and
nurture (environment).
There is no single gene that creates a trait. It is combination of genes,
environmental exposure and experiences, and cultural backgrounds. There are
common personality traits that cross many cultures. Agreeableness and openness to
experiences are some examples of these cross-cultural traits that are more prominent
in one culture than another.
Example: Asians exhibit strong “interpersonal relatedness” or how their
behavior impacts relationships, compared to Westerners who look at their behavior
and its impact on their personal goals.
 
• TRAIT THEORY The Big Five or Five-Factor Model by McCrae and Costa (1992)
Trait theory is an approach in
identifying types of
personalities based on certain
traits or attributes, which may
vary from one person to the
other. This theory was developed
over the past 60 years, started
by D.W. Fiske (1949) and later
pursued by the researchers
including Norman (1967), Smith
(1967), Goldberg (1981), and
McCrae and Costa (1987).
Openness to experience- curiosity,
interest, imagination, and creativity to
new ideas
Conscientiousness- planning, organizing,
hard-working, controlling, preserving, and
punctuality
Extraversion- sociable, talkative, active,
outgoing, and fun-loving
Agreeableness- friendly, warm, trusting,
generous, and kind-hearted
Neuroticism- calm, relaxed, and
comfortable
 A S S E S S M E N T

Nature vs. Nurture

• Instructions: Identify whether the traits inside

the box are hereditary (nature) or developed
through environment (nurture). Write the
answers below the pictures.
Write your own strengths and limitations as indicated below. Put as
many as you can.
LIMITATIONS STRENGTHS

STRENGHTS
 7. Interest
1. Hobbies 8. Educational Experiences
2. Skin color 9. Facial Features
3. Eye Color 10. Cultural Backgroud
4. Accent
5. Diseases
6. Blood Group  

Nature Nurture
 The suggested ways below can help you to have
better self-awareness and to benefit from this
concept:
1. Be as impartial as you can be in evaluating yourself Make an effort to look at yourself
objectively. As much as possible, avoid all biases in assessing yourself. Even in
decision-making, study and fairly criticize the decisions you would always make. It
will also help to look for some reliable friends to talk with and listen to their
criticisms.

2. Keep a journal Especially in solving a problem about yourself, documenting things

through a journal helps as it makes you more aware of what you are doing your
and where problems might be coming from. If you record the little things like day-
by-day food intake, hours you spend in playing computer games, or your sleep
hours, you might notice a larger trend that you can correct if needed.
3. Make a self-review One good way to do self-review is this: Instead of
just thinking about what you must improve about yourself, think about
what your teacher, parent, or best friend thinks you should do and what
they might say. This way, you can see yourself from someone else's
viewpoint and achieve a little extra insight about yourself.

Set your personal goals. Self-awareness is basically for self-

improvement, so it is sensible that you set personal objectives Writing
your own manifesto or personal goals is a good way to push yourself
into identifying what you want to improve about yourself.
Passing Through the Adolescent Stage

The term "adolescence" came from the Latin term 'adolescere which means 'grow G.
Stanley Hall (1844-1924), the Father of Adolescence who coined the term "adolescence
defined adolescence as "the period of storm and stress of human life." According to Hall,
"this period is characterized by a teenager's conflict with parents, mood disruptions, and
engagement in risky behavior (Hall, n.d.).

Puberty signals the beginning of adolescence. The whole period of adolescence may be
roughly divided into three stages ("Stages of Adolescent Development," n.d.). such as the

a. early adolescence (approximately 11-14 years of age);

b. middle adolescence (approximately 15-17 years of age); and,

c. late adolescence (approximately 18-21 years of age)

STRENGTHS
physical health, energy, youthfulness,
optimism, bravery to try different
endeavors, fearlessness, open-
mindedness, good memory, and lack of
cynicism.
WEAKNESSES
lack of experience, un-established
values and identities, low self-concept
and self-esteem, sensitivity, and
insecurity. You are subject to hormonal
mood swings, confusion, expectations,
and pressures from the people around
you, especially the older ones.

Even though your weaknesses seem to exceed your strengths, being

conscious of what an adolescent truly is and the challenges that
come with it may nonetheless help you to be cautious in your
decisions and actions, so that you could smoothly and successfully
pass through this difficult stage.
A journal is a written record of a person's experiences,
thoughts, and observations. It can be like a diary in which
you are free to express yourself. Keeping a personal journal
may mean recording your daily activities, the places you go
to, the people you spend time with, and the important
ideas or thoughts that pass through your mind.
 Personality Tests

1. Rorschach Inkblot Test

2. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
3. Keirsey Temperament Sorter
1. Roschach Inkblot Test
The Rorschach Test is a projective
psychological test developed in 1921 by
Hermann Rorschach to measure thought
disorder for the purpose of identifying
mental illness. It was inspired by the
observation that schizophrenia patients
often interpret the things they see in
unusual ways. In the test, the participant
is shown a series of ten ink blot cards
and directed to respond to each with
what they see in the inkblot. 
The MBTI test (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Assessment) 

The 16 personality test is generally

based on the personality indicator
developed by Katharine Cook
Briggs and her daughter Isabel
Briggs Myers. Their development
of the test occurred in the 1940s
and was built upon psychological
research performed by Carl Jung in
the 1920s. The type test is based on
a series of questions that gather
information on how a person
usually responds or relates to
various situations.
Keirsey Temperament Sorter

The Keirsey Temperament
Sorter (KTS), developed by
David Kiersey, is a self-
assessed personality questionnair
e designed to help people better
understand themselves and
others. It was first introduced in
the book Please Understand Me.
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
E or I (Extroversion or Introversion)
is how individual prefers
to channel his/her energy
when dealing with
people, whether it is
inward (introversion) or
outward (extroversion).
 S or N (Sensing or INtuition)
is how one person prefers to
process information,
whether through the use of
senses such as being able to
describe what one sees, or
intuitively like dealing with
ideas.
T or F (Thinking or Feeling)

is how an individual prefers

to make decisions, either
thinking or using logic or
analysis, or feeling which
uses the cognitive senses
based on values or beliefs.
 J or P (Judging or Planning)
• is how an individual prefers
to manage one’s life,
whether through judging,
which means a planned or
organized life, versus
perception, which has a
more flexible approach of
living.
 EVALUATION

Instructions: Analyze whether the statement is TRUE or

FALSE.
___________1. Extroverts are outgoing people.
___________2. Middle adolescence (approximately 11-14
years of age)
___________3. Trait theory is an approach in identifying
types of personalities
___________4. Introverts are inward people.
___________5. There is agreeable trait among the Five-
___________6. The “self” can be defined in different ways:
philosophically, psychologically, and spiritually.
___________7. Personality is a unique and enduring set of
behaviors.
___________8. Both nature and nurture influence the
development of one’s personality.
___________9. The most important thing to pursue is self-
knowledge.
___________10. A person who prefer group assessment is
more likely to be introvert.
Answer the following.
1. Write down how you define yourself
philosophically, psychologically, and spiritually.

2. How does knowing oneself better make a person

accept his strengths and limitations, and improve
the way he deals with others?