Department of ECE

DATA NETWORKS AND PROTOCOLS

21EC2210
Topic:

REFERENCE MODELS(OSI)

Session - 3

CREATED BY K. VICTOR BABU

 AIM OF THE SESSION

To familiarize students with the basic concept of laired architecture used to communicate between deveices.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

This Session is designed to:

1. Demonstrate the working of OSI model (Animation video: Youtube link)
2. Describe the process in which data flow takes place at transmitter and receiver
3. List out the functions of various layer in OSI model
4. Understand the meaning of Peer to Peer process, Encapsulation and Decapsulation

LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this session, you should be able to:

1. Define name of different layers in OSI model.
2. Describe functions of each layer.
3. Summarize the process of Data communication in deveices.

CREATED BY K. VICTOR BABU

 1. CO_COI_2. Reference Models

1. Network models use a combination of hardware and software to send data

from one location to other location.
2. The tasks involved in communication data are grouped into imaginary
layers and are named accordingly.

3. The two important network models are

1. OSI Model (Open System Interconnection Model) --- Reference
Model
2. TCP/IP Model (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)

CREATED BY K. VICTOR BABU

 2. CO_COI_2. OSI Model (Open System Interconnection Model)---Reference Model 

1.Established in – 1947

2.Developed by – International Standard organization.

3.Introduced in 1970

4.Has a set of protocols that allow any two systems to communicate with each other regardless
of the underlying architecture.

5.It is model to understand and design network architecture that is flexible, robust and
interoperable.

6.This is layered frame work and the design of the network systems that allows communication
between all types of computer systems.

CREATED BY K. VICTOR BABU

 3. CO_COI_2. OSI Model Contd….

7. Consists of 7 separate but related layers .

8. Each layer defines a specific process of moving information across a network.

9. Information travelling from one system to another will travel through many intermediate nodes.

10.Here all the related functions are collected and made into discrete groups such that they become layers.

11.Each layer defines a family of functions distinct from those of other layers.

12.Thus by defining and localizing functionality in this fashion the designers created a architecture that
is comprehensive and flexible.

13.With in single machine each layer calls upon services of the layer just below it.

14. The communication is governed by an agreed –upon series of rules and conversions called protocols.

15. The process on each machine that communicate at a given layer is called peer to peer process
CREATED BY K. VICTOR BABU
 4. CO_COI_2. Pictorial representation of OSI model

CREATED BY K. VICTOR BABU Fig 3.1 Figure representing the layers of OSI model.
 5. CO_COI_2. Peer to Peer Process

Peer to Peer Process https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=byrH3myfCcc

CREATED BY K. VICTOR BABU

Fig 3.2 Peer-to-peer communication.
 6. CO_COI_2. Peer to Peer Process and interface between the
layers
1.Each layer calls upon the services provided by layers above and below it.

2. Communication is governed by an agreed-upon rules and conventions called protocols.

3. The processes which communicate at a given layer are called peer-to-peer process.

Interfaces between layer:

1. Allows each layer to data and network information.

2. Establishes a backup through each layer at receiver.

3. Defines what services to be provided to the layers above and below.

CREATED BY K. VICTOR BABU

 7. CO_COI_2. Functions of each layer in OSI model.
Function of Physical layer: 1. Logical addressing. Functions of Application Layer:
1.Physical characteristics of interfaces 2. Routing.
and medium.
2. Representation of bits. Functions of Transport Layer:
3. Data Rate.:. 3. Service point addressing.
4.Synchronization of bits. 4. Segmentation and
5. Line configuration. reassembly.
6. Physical topology. 5. Connection control.
7. Transmission mode. 6. Flow control.
7. Error Control.
Functions of Data Link Layer:
1.Framing. Functions of Session Layer:
2.Physical addressing. 8. Dialog Control
3. Flow control. 9. Synchronization.
4. Error Control.
5. Access Control. Functions of Session Layer:
10. Translation
Function of Network layer: 11. Encryption
1. Responsible for source to destination 12. Compression
delivery across multiple networks.
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 8. CO_COI_2. Common terms in Data communciaiton.

• ..\..\..\ppts by RSK\The OSI Model Animation.mp4

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 SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

1. Which layer is responsible for reliable communication?

(a) Physical layer

(b) Transport layer
(c) Session Layer

2.What is MAC format?

3.What is difference between flow control and error control

Answers:
1) b;
2) It is 48 Bit number. First 24 number are OUI(organizationally unique number and last 24
numbers are Manufacturer – Assigned code.
3) flow control controls the rate of information transmitted to ensure the receiver's efficient delivery
of data. While error controls check and correct errors in the data bits and packets.

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 TERMINAL QUESTIONS

1. Describe OSI model

2. List out functions of Each layer

3. Analyze Physical address, Logical address, Port address and Socket address.

4. Learning the definitions of common terms used in data communications.

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 REFERENCES FOR FURTHER LEARNING OF THE SESSION

Reference Books:
1) 1. B. A. Frouzan – “Data Communications and Networking (3rd Ed.) “–
TMH
2) A. S. Tanenbaum – “Computer Networks (4th Ed.)” – Pearson
Education/PHI
Sites and Web links:
1. Network Protocols and Architecture
https://www.coursera.org/learn/network-protocols-architecture?=

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 THANK YOU

Team – Course Name

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