SATELLITE SYSTEM

PARAMETERS
 PARAMETERS

 Transmit Power and Bit Energy

 Effective Isotropic Radiated Power
 Equivalent Noise Temperature
 Carrier-to-Noise Density Ratio
 Bit Energy to Noise Density Ratio
 G/Te Ratio
 Illumination Level and Power Flux Density
 C/Ts Ratio
TRANSMIT POWER AND BIT ENERGY

 Eb = Pt x Tb or Pt / fb
 where Pt is Tx Power in Watts or Joules per Sec, Tb is Bit duration in Sec, fb is
bps and Eb is Bit Energy in Joule per sec
EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER


Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP) is the measured radiated power of an antenna in a
specified direction

EIRP = PT x GT / LT where GT is Tx Antenna Gain and LT is transmission line losses including back-off
loss, feeder loss, and branching loss etc.

EIRP (dBW) = Pt (dB) – Lbo(dB)- Lbf (dB)+ GT (dB)
Where Pt = actual power output of the transmitter (dBW)
Lbo = back-off losses of HPA (dB)
Lbf = total branching and feeder loss (dB)
GT = transmit antenna gain (dB)
NOISE EQUIVALENT TEMPERATURE

 The term noise temperature is generally used to present how much thermal noise is
generated from active or passive devices in the receiving system. The noise power Pn is
written as noise temperature as follows:

 N = KTB where K (1.39 x 10^-23 joules per Kelvin) is Boltzmann’ s constant, T (degree
Kelvin) is environment temperature, and B (Hz) is System BW

 F = 1+Te /T where F (unitless) is noise factor and Te is Equivalent Noise Temperature

(degree Kelvin)

 Te = T (F-1)
CARRIER TO NOISE DENSITY RATIO

 In satellite communications carrier-to-noise-density ratio (C/N0) is the ratio of

the carrier power C to the noise power density N0, expressed in dB-Hz. When
considering only the receiver as a source of noise, it is called carrier-to-receiver-
noise-density ratio.
 Noise Density N = BNo or No = KTeB/B = KTe

 Carrier to Noise Density Ratio C/No = C/KTe

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BIT ENERGY TO NOISE DENSITY RATIO

 In digital communication or data transmission, Eb/N0 (energy per bit to noise power spectral

density ratio) is a normalized signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measure, also known as the "SNR per
bit“
 Eb /No = Pt /fb x B/N or C/N x B/fb where fb is bit rate R (bits per sec) and Pt is replaced with C
 This Eb /No is a very good measure to compare digital systems employing different modulation or
encoding schemes and data rates
GAIN TO EQUIVALENT NOISE TEMP RATIO

 G/Te = G-10 log (Ts ) = G- 10 log (Ta +Tr ) where Ts is equivalent system noise temperature.
Ta is antenna noise temp. and Tr is receiver effective noise temp.
 As LNA is placed so closed (at feed point) to antenna, so, G/Te is changed as under:
 G/Te = [Gr+GLNA]/Te
 Expressed in log,
 G/Te (dBK^-1) = Gr (dB) + GLNA (dB) – Te (dBK^-1)
ILLUMINATION LEVEL AND POWER FLUX
DENSITY
 Illumination Level = EIRP – L + G * (dBW/m 2 ) Or,

 W = EIRP –20 log10 S –71 (dBW/m 2 )

 Where S= Link distance in km

 Power flux-density is the power per unit area normal to the direction of electromagnetic
wave propagation, usually expressed in units of Watts per square meter (W/m2).
 Power Flux Density (PFD) - EIRP/4 π d 2
CARRIER TO THERMAL NOISE RATIO

 Carrier-to-Thermal Noise Ratio-C/Ts = EIRP – L – Ladd + GR /TS

 Where EIRP: Equivalent isotropic power of transmitter (dBW)

L: Path loss (dB)

Ladd: Additional transmission losses (dB)

GR /TS : Receiving system figure of merit (dBi/K)
THANK YOU